(A) Western blot analysis showed increased survivin expression levels in Cx30-expressing U87 cells and in (B) GM1 cells, at baseline and 1 h and 3 h after radiation treatment, compared with mock-transfected cells. This is representative of 3 independent experiments. (C) Beta-galactosidase staining showed a decreased radiation-induced senescence (10 Gy) in Cx30-expressing U87 and GM1 cells compared with mock-transfected cells, 3 days after gamma irradiation. Scale bars = 50 μm. (D) Analysis of the ATP content at baseline and 1 h following gamma irradiation in U87 and GM1 cells expressing Cx30 compared with mock-transfected cells (mean ± SD, unpaired Student's t-test, P < .05 for U87 [99.89 ± 10.62 vs 205.8 ± 37.19]; P < .01 for GM1 [148.2 ± 14.93 vs 317.9 ± 72.12]). XRT, external beam radiotherapy.