Table 1. Comparison of the effects of various categorized demographic characteristics on body mass index (BMI) categories (n=3,583).
| Characteristics | n (%) and mean±SD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight (n=175) |
Healthy (n=1,448) |
Overweight (n=821) |
Obesity (n=1,139) |
Total (n=3,583) |
||
| Age (years)* | 33.9±11.8 | 41.1±12.3 | 46.3±11.9 | 45.1±11.6 | 43.2±12.4 | |
| Gender* | Male | 35 (20.0) | 524 (36.2) | 423 (51.5) | 608 (53.4) | 1,590 (44.4) |
| Female | 140 (80.0) | 924 (63.8) | 398 (48.5) | 531 (46.6) | 1,993 (55.6) | |
| Family income* | Low | 16 (9.1) | 98 (6.8) | 66 (8.0) | 96 (8.4) | 276 (7.7) |
| Middle-low | 38 (21.7) | 351 (24.2) | 197 (24.0) | 304 (26.7) | 890 (24.8) | |
| Middle-high | 49 (28.0) | 484 (33.4) | 222 (27.0) | 352 (30.9) | 1,107 (30.8) | |
| High | 72 (41.1) | 515 (35.6) | 336 (40.9) | 387 (34.0) | 1,310 (36.5) | |
| Education level* | Elementary level or lower | 7 (4.0) | 114 (7.9) | 127 (15.5) | 164 (14.4) | 412 (11.5) |
| Middle | 7 (4.0) | 101 (7.0) | 97 (11.8) | 115 (10.1) | 320 (8.9) | |
| High | 80 (45.7) | 608 (42.0) | 305 (37.1) | 476 (41.8) | 1,469 (41.0) | |
| College level or higher | 81 (46.3) | 625 (43.2) | 292 (35.6) | 384 (33.7) | 1,382 (38.6) | |
| Marital status* | Married | 93 (53.1) | 1,080 (74.6) | 709 (86.4) | 971 (85.3) | 2,853 (79.6) |
| Never married/separated/ divorced/widowed | 82 (46.9) | 368 (25.4) | 112 (13.6) | 168 (14.7) | 730 (20.4) | |
| Employee status* | Employed | 107 (61.1) | 936 (64.6) | 580 (70.6) | 832 (73.0) | 2,455 (68.5) |
| Unemployed | 68 (38.9) | 512 (35.4) | 241 (29.4) | 307 (27.0) | 1,128 (31.5) | |
| Smoking status* | Current smoker | 26 (16.6) | 313 (21.7) | 198 (23.1) | 315 (27.6) | 855 (23.8) |
| Former smoker | 19 (10.9) | 216 (14.9) | 199 (24.2) | 253 (22.2) | 687 (19.1) | |
| Never smoked | 127 (72.6) | 919 (63.5) | 424 (51.6) | 571 (50.1) | 2,041 (56.8) | |
| AUDIT* | <8 | 37 (21.1) | 372 (25.7) | 238 (29.0) | 398 (34.9) | 1,045 (29.2) |
| ≥8 | 138 (78.9) | 1,076 (74.3) | 583 (71.0) | 741 (65.1) | 2,538 (70.8) | |
| Weight control behavior in past year* | Effort to lose weight | 22 (12.6) | 462 (31.9) | 384 (46.8) | 735 (64.5) | 1,603 (44.7) |
| Effort to maintain weight | 31 (17.7) | 336 (23.2) | 188 (22.9) | 153 (13.4) | 708 (19.8) | |
| Effort to gain weight | 33 (18.9) | 112 (7.7) | 13 (1.6) | 4 (0.4) | 162 (4.5) | |
| No effort to control weight | 89 (50.9) | 538 (37.2) | 236 (28.7) | 247 (21.7) | 1,110 (31.0) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 107.3±13.8 | 112.2±14.0 | 117.0±15.3 | 121.3±15.3 | 116.0±15.3 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 70.9±8.5 | 73.6±10.0 | 77.0±10.1 | 80.0±10.8 | 76.3±10.7 | |
| Fasting glucose level (mg/dL)* | 88.0±13.0 | 92.1±16.2 | 97.9±20.2 | 102.8±25.6 | 96.6±21.0 | |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%)* | 5.4±0.5 | 5.5±0.6 | 5.7±0.7 | 5.9±0.9 | 5.7±0.7 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 170.0±30.5 | 183.6±33.7 | 193.4±34.2 | 195.9±38.4 | 189.1±35.9 | |
| EQ-5D index* | 0.97±0.05 | 0.97±0.07 | 0.96±0.08 | 0.96±0.09 | 0.96±0.08 | |
| Subjective health status* | 2.9±0.7 | 2.7±0.8 | 2.7±0.8 | 2.8±0.8 | 2.8±0.8 | |
| Subjective body perception* | 1.9±0.7 | 2.9±0.7 | 3.5±0.6 | 4.1±0.6 | 3.4±0.9 | |
| MET (MET-min/week)* | 1,196.0±509.8 | 1,180.9±557.5 | 1,097.0±604.0 | 1,125.7±557.3 | 1,144.9±567.2 | |
| Stress* | 2.7±0.7 | 2.8±0.6 | 2.8±0.7 | 2.8±0.7 | 2.8±0.7 | |
AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; MET: metabolic equivalent of task; SD: standard deviation, *p<0.05