Figure 1.

Expression pattern of GPC5 in developing diabetic albuminuria. A: Immunofluorescence staining of human kidney shows diabetes mellitus nephropathy (DN). Representative images in periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, low-power field (LPF) and high-power field (HPF), are shown. GPC5 (green) was stained with Alexa 488 fluorescence. Nephrin (red) was costained with Alexa 633; images from the same sections were merged to form an overlapping image (yellow). Arrows depict GPC5 expression in nodular glomerular sclerosis. B: Immunofluorescence staining of kidney from C57BL/6 mice, podocyte-specific Gpc5 knockdown (Δ) C57BL/6 mice, Akita mice, and podocyte-specific Gpc5 knockdown (Δ) mice that were inbred with Akita mice. Gpc5 (green) was stained with Alexa 488. Nephrin (red) was counterstained with Alexa 633. An arrow depicts total absence of intraglomerular Gpc5 staining on podocyte in Podocyte-Gpc5Δ C57BL/6 whereas intraglomerular Gpc5 staining is seen in Podocyte-Gpc5Δ Akita, and this arrow indicates mesangial region. Images from the same sections were merged to form an overlapping image. C: Localization of Gpc5 in kidney sections by means of immunoelectron microscopy from 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice, Akita mice, and normal IgG. Electron micrographs show localization of Gpc5 by using a pre-embedding method. D: Gpc5 mRNA expression levels in cultured mouse podocyte and mesangial cell lines after three different administrations of the 72-hour glucose challenge [90 (white bars), 270 (gray bars), or 450 mg/dL (black bars)]. Osmolality was controlled with d-mannitol. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 5 (D). ^∗∗Post hoc P < 0.01 versus 90 mg/dL.