Table 1.
Demographic data and preintervention assessment values for the three intervention groups
| CI | PA | GRA | Difference between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 45 | 38 | 44 | |
| Number of subjects completing the protocol | 32 | 24 | 39 | |
| Subjects completing the protocol, % | 71.1 | 63.2 | 88.6 | 0.021, uncorrected |
| Male, % | 53.1 | 33.3 | 51.3 | n.s. |
| Age, years | 82.2 ± 3.8 | 81.3 ± 3.8 | 81.2 ± 4.0 | n.s. |
| Education, years | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 9.4 ± 1.9 | <0.01, uncorrected |
| MMSE score | 22.2 ± 3.2 | 23.5 ± 2.4 | 25.1 ± 2.7 | <0.01, uncorrected |
| WF, words/min | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 8.1 ± 2.9 | 10.0 ± 3.1 | n.s. |
| TMT-A, s | 95.8 ± 40.2 | 91.4 ± 40.2 | 80.3 ± 33.8 | n.s. |
| GDS score | 5.1 ± 3.5 | 3.5 ± 2.7 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | n.s. |
| 6-meter walk time, s | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | n.s. |
| QOL Face Scale score | 5.3 ± 1.9 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | n.s. |
| GDS score | 5.1 ± 3.5 | 3.5 ± 2.7 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | n.s. |
Values are presented as means ± SD unless specified otherwise. ANOVA showed significant differences in mean years of education and preintervention values of the MMSE between the groups (p < 0.01, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). The completion rate of the PA group was relatively low (63.2%), which may be accounted for by the generally limited physical tolerance of old people. n.s. = Not significant.