Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 1486 NHANES III participants with CKD (eGFR=15–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2) according to DAL
| Parameter | DAL (mEq/d), % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Low (Minimum to 39.24; n=490) | Middle (39.24–55.43; n=505) | High (55.23 to Maximum; n=491) | P Value | |
| Sociodemographic factors | |||||
| Age (yr) | <0.001 | ||||
| 20–50 | 84 | 15.5 | 52.4 | 32.1 | |
| 50–70 | 619 | 23.6 | 32.8 | 43.6 | |
| >70 | 783 | 42.4 | 32.9 | 24.6 | |
| Men (%) | 684 | 32.4 | 46.7 | 58.9 | 0.11 |
| Race | 0.48 | ||||
| Asian | 40 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 2.7 | |
| Hispanic | 185 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 13.9 | |
| African American | 368 | 16.9 | 25.7 | 31.6 | |
| White | 893 | 68.4 | 60.0 | 51.8 | |
| PIR | 0.57 | ||||
| ≥2 | 581 | 47.6 | 43.6 | 41.6 | |
| <2 | 733 | 52.4 | 56.4 | 58.4 | |
| Education | 0.33 | ||||
| Less than high school | 818 | 51.9 | 52.4 | 61.9 | |
| Some college | 506 | 38.0 | 33.1 | 31.7 | |
| More than college | 153 | 10.1 | 14.5 | 6.4 | |
| Nutritional factors | |||||
| BSA (≥1.73 m2) | 998 | 41.9 | 75.2 | 84.1 | <0.001 |
| Total calories (>2000 kcal/d) | 322 | 13.8 | 20.4 | 30.8 | 0.003 |
| Serum bicarbonate (<22 mmol/L) | 91 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 11.2 | 0.34 |
| Clinical factors | |||||
| Diabetes (yes) | 440 | 23.8 | 28.1 | 36.9 | 0.12 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 1256 | 85.9 | 84.9 | 82.7 | 0.59 |
| Kidney function/damage markers | |||||
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 0.78 | ||||
| 15–40 | 393 | 24.4 | 24.8 | 30.2 | |
| 40–60 | 1093 | 75.6 | 75.2 | 69.8 | |
| Albuminuria (>30 mg/g) | 666 | 40.3 | 45.9 | 48.2 | 0.48 |
PIR is the ratio of family income to poverty threshold. Hypertension was defined by self-report, average BP>140/90 mmHg, or use of medications.