. 2015 May 6;39(3):218–229. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.3.218

Table 5. Risk of depression with or without pre-DM and DM.

Variable	Only depression			Depression with pre-DM			Depression with DM
Variable	Odds ratio	P value	95% CI	Odds ratio	P value	95% CI	Odds ratio	P value	95% CI
Age, yr
20-29^a
30-39	1.09	0.697	0.70-1.68	1.12	0.658	0.67-1.85	1.87	0.057	0.98-3.57
40-49	1.31	0.240	0.83-2.05	1.18	0.535	0.69-2.01	2.94	0.001	1.54-5.62
50-59	1.73	0.024	1.07-2.87	1.58	0.107	0.90-2.77	2.82	0.003	1.41-5.63
≥60	1.58	0.104	0.90-2.76	1.77	0.060	0.97-3.24	3.42	0.001	1.65-7.10
Sex
Male^a
Female	1.62	0.003	1.17-2.23	0.73	0.076	0.54-1.03	0.80	0.197	0.57-1.11
Marital status
Married^a
Bachelor	0.94	0.914	0.41-2.17	0.61	0.383	0.21-1.80	1.08	0.883	0.36-3.18
Single	1.80	0.039	1.02-3.06	1.31	0.442	0.66-2.53	0.91	0.814	0.42-1.96
Body mass index
18.5-22.9^a
<18.5	1.23	0.287	0.83-1.82	0.98	0.972	0.57-1.70	0.53	0.101	0.25-1.12
≥23	1.09	0.500	1.54-0.80	1.78	0.001	1.25-2.52	1.47	0.029	1.04-2.09
Waist to hip ratio
Low^a
High	0.82	0.215	0.60-1.12	1.55	0.015	1.08-2.22	2.83	0.000	1.89-4.35
Physical activity
Low^a
High	1.20	0.276	0.86-1.69	0.96	0.963	0.68-1.35	0.88	0.506	0.62-1.26
Hypertension
Normal^a
Hypertensive	1.07	0.720	0.72-1.57	1.46	0.045	1.00-2.11	1.162	0.471	0.77-1.75
Monthly income, Taka^b
0-4,999^a
5,000-9,999	0.62	0.005	0.86-0.44	1.09	0.656	1.62-0.73	1.28	0.271	1.99-0.82
10,000-14,999	0.68	0.091	1.06-0.44	1.15	0.573	1.87-0.70	1.56	0.090	2.64-0.93
15,000-19,999	0.67	0.307	1.43-0.32	1.95	0.040	3.70-1.20	2.71	0.003	5.22-1.40
≥20,000	1.01	0.975	1.90-0.53	1.14	0.716	2.40-0.54	1.93	0.064	3.90-0.96
Education, yr
0^a
1-5	0.53	0.000	0.73-0.38	0.73	0.111	1.07-0.50	0.89	0.591	1.33-0.60
6-12	0.46	0.000	0.66-0.32	0.88	0.529	1.29-0.60	1.06	0.744	1.59-0.71
≥13	0.36	0.001	0.66-0.19	0.94	0.824	1.60-0.55	0.96	0.916	1.71-0.54

A logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, marital status, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, physical activity, and hypertension (Stata).

DM, diabetes mellitus.

^aStandard to compare, ^b1 USD=72 TK.