Table 4. Other risk factors for progression of diabetic nephropathy demonstrated by multivariate Cox regression analysis.
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 1.00 | 0.96-1.04 | 0.807 |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dL | 2.72 | 1.28-5.76 | 0.009 |
| Baseline UACR (per 100 mg/g) | 1.04 | 1.00-1.07 | 0.031 |
| Follow-up mean SBP, mm Hg | 1.02 | 0.97-1.07 | 0.444 |
| Follow-up mean DBP, mm Hg | 0.95 | 0.87-1.04 | 0.288 |
| ACEi or ARB use, % | 2.17 | 0.97-1.07 | 0.059 |
| Other HTN medication use, % | 0.62 | 0.29-1.32 | 0.214 |
| Follow-up mean HbA1c, % | 1.42 | 1.06-1.91 | 0.018 |
| Duration of diabetes, yr | 1.00 | 0.95-1.04 | 0.912 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 1.05 | 0.93-1.19 | 0.421 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.93 | 0.82-1.06 | 0.294 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.12 | 0.88-1.42 | 0.353 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 1.17 | 0.78-1.75 | 0.451 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 0.75 | 0.60-0.96 | 0.360 |
| Retinopathy, % | 0.78 | 0.35-1.77 | 0.552 |
| Current smoker, % | 1.42 | 0.68-2.97 | 0.350 |
| Uric acid, µmol/L | 1.01 | 1.00-1.01 | 0.017 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 0.98 | 0.90-1.06 | 0.590 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; HTN, hypertension; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.