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. 2015 Jun 11;13(6):3745–3760. doi: 10.3390/md13063745

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Flowchart of biorefinery processes described in this work. CSE, conventional solvent extraction with absolute and 96% ethanol; SC-CO₂, supercritical CO₂ extraction; MF, membrane microfiltration; L-L extraction, liquid-liquid extraction or partition; E, crude ethanolic extract; R, exhausted Sm; AH-L, Autohydrolysis liquor; EM, Exhausted autohydrolysis material; Product 1, fucoxanthin-enriched SC-CO₂ fraction from E; Product 2, fucoxanthin-enriched SC-CO₂ extract from Sm; Product 3, freeze- or spray-dried autohydrolysis liquors from ovSm; Product 4, diafiltrated and freeze-dried permeate from membrane microfiltrated autohydrolysis liquors; Product 5, spray-dried retentate from concentration of microfiltered autohydrolysis liquors; Product 6, pooled ethyl acetate fractions of permeates generated by previous membrane diafiltration.