Table 5.
Quality Assessment | No. of Participants | Absolute Effect (95% CI, SE) | Quality | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Studies | Design | Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other Considerations | |||
Bone fractures (age range between 5 and 12 years, data collected over 1 year, bone fractures measured using incident reporting sheets) | |||||||||
1 | Observational studies a | No serious risk of bias | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | Serious imprecision b | None | 25,782 | 58% ≤59”; 33% 60–79”; 9% >79” c | VERY LOW |
Notes: 0 Randomized trials; 1 observational study [89]; a Observational studies include 1 longitudinal study [89]; b The magnitude of included studies is small (N = 1); c During a 1 year observation period of all schools in a single school board, 57 fractures occurred (52 unaided falls,5 pushed) on the playground. Of those, the percentage of children who sustained a fracture from a fall at or below 59”, 60–79” and greater than 79” are reported here, respectively. There were no serious injuries from falls reported by any of the schools [89].