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Western blotting was used to determine the protein level of GTP-Rac1, Rac1, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and Akt. GAPDH was used as an internal reference. In LPS group, VSMCs were treated with LPS (20 μg/ml). In LPS + HSYA group, VSMCs were treated with LPS (20 μg/ml) and HSYA (10 μM). In Control group, VSMCs were without any treatment. **P<0.01. LPS: lipopolysaccharide; HSYA: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
