Table 3.

Regression coefficients (β (95% CIs)) for change in glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR score by a unit increase in ln-transformed urinary 1-OHP

1-OHP (ln)a	Glucose (mmol/L)		p Value	Insulin (µU/mL)		p Value	HOMA-IR
	β	(95% CIs)		β	(95% CIs)		β	(95% CIs)	p Value
Model A	0.03	(−0.03, 0.10)	0.332	0.34	(−0.13, 0.81)	0.154	0.14	(−0.01, 0.30)	0.077
Model B	0.03	(−0.03, 0.10)	0.332	0.33	(−0.13, 0.80)	0.164	0.14	(−0.02, 0.30)	0.079
Model C	0.03	(−0.03, 0.10)	0.290	0.38	(−0.09, 0.84)	0.117	0.16	(0.00, 0.31)	0.052
Model D	0.04	(−0.02, 0.10)	0.160	0.36	(−0.10, 0.82)	0.130	0.16	(0.00, 0.31)	0.049
Model E	0.03	(−0.03, 0.10)	0.336	0.34	(−0.12, 0.80)	0.152	0.15	(−0.01, 0.30)	0.069

Model A was adjusted for age, sex and elapsed time since the first visit.

Model B: Model A+further adjusted for education and physical activity.

Model C: Model B+further adjusted for urinary cotinine and ambient PM₁₀ concentrations.

Model D: Model C+further adjusted for obesity, diabetes, hypertension and HDL-cholesterol.

Model E: Model D—deductible adjustment for diabetes.

Change in glucose, insulin and HOMA for 1 unit ln-1-OHP increase.

1-OHP, 1-hydroxypyrene; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homoeostatic model assessment; IR, insulin resistance; PM₁₀, particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter.