Table 2.
Characteristics affecting suicidal ideation and suicide attempts by sex
| Male |
Female |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suicidal ideation |
Suicide attempt |
Suicidal ideation |
Suicide attempt |
|||||
| Never | Ever | Never | Ever | Never | Ever | Never | Ever | |
| Age (y) | ||||||||
| <40 | 5381 (91.5) | 514 (8.5) | 8009 (99.6) | 27 (0.4) | 5980 (82.1) | 1248 (17.9) | 9136 (99.1) | 67 (0.9) |
| 40-64 | 5147 (89.2) | 623 (10.8) | 5732 (99.2) | 48 (0.8) | 6102 (81.5) | 1380 (18.5) | 7400 (98.9) | 74 (1.1) |
| ≥65 | 2327 (83.5) | 476 (16.5) | 2769 (98.5) | 41 (1.5) | 2637 (65.5) | 1280 (34.5) | 3853 (98.4) | 65 (1.6) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | ||||
| No. of household members | ||||||||
| 1-2 | 3392 (87.6) | 558 (12.4) | 3936 (98.8) | 47 (1.2) | 4032 (73.2) | 1475 (26.8) | 5451 (98.6) | 72 (1.4) |
| 3 | 3033 (89.6) | 365 (10.4) | 3696 (99.4) | 27 (0.6) | 3235 (79.1) | 833 (20.9) | 4344 (99.1) | 37 (0.9) |
| 4 | 4278 (90.8) | 453 (9.2) | 5847 (99.6) | 26 (0.4) | 4654 (83.0) | 957 (17.0) | 6554 (99.1) | 58 (0.9) |
| ≥5 | 2134 (90.7) | 234 (9.3) | 3011 (99.4) | 16 (0.6) | 2788 (81.6) | 640 (18.4) | 4019 (99.0) | 39 (1.0) |
| p-value | 0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | ||||
| Education level | ||||||||
| ≤Elementary school | 2896 (83.8) | 608 (16.2) | 5592 (99.0) | 53 (1.0) | 4741 (70.8) | 1946 (29.2) | 8544 (98.7) | 111 (1.3) |
| Middle school | 1965 (88.2) | 267 (11.8) | 2201 (98.7) | 30 (1.3) | 1894 (78.7) | 478 (21.3) | 2340 (98.6) | 25 (1.4) |
| High school | 4206 (90.7) | 439 (9.3) | 4624 (99.5) | 24 (0.5) | 4583 (82.5) | 936 (17.5) | 5460 (98.9) | 54 (1.1) |
| ≥College | 3755 (92.9) | 289 (7.1) | 4036 (99.8) | 8 (0.2) | 3475 (86.4) | 536 (13.6) | 3994 (99.7) | 16 (0.3) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Household income level | ||||||||
| Low | 2092 (83.3) | 492 (16.7) | 2716 (98.4) | 51 (1.6) | 2673 (68.6) | 1225 (31.4) | 3968 (97.9) | 84 (2.1) |
| Mid-low | 3129 (88.9) | 419 (11.1) | 4188 (99.5) | 20 (0.5) | 3580 (78.3) | 1027 (21.7) | 5146 (98.8) | 56 (1.2) |
| Mid-high | 3681 (91.8) | 338 (8.2) | 4696 (99.6) | 20 (0.4) | 4039 (82.7) | 864 (17.3) | 5575 (99.3) | 42 (0.7) |
| High | 3729 (91.9) | 329 (8.1) | 4637 (99.6) | 20 (0.4) | 4161 (85.4) | 692 (14.6) | 5313 (99.5) | 19 (0.5) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Region | ||||||||
| Megalopolis1 | 2397 (91.2) | 249 (8.8) | 3013 (99.2) | 21 (0.8) | 2785 (80.5) | 644 (19.5) | 3733 (99.0) | 36 (1.0) |
| Metropolitan2 | 3321 (90.0) | 395 (10.0) | 4212 (99.6) | 28 (0.4) | 3874 (79.8) | 976 (20.2) | 5325 (99.0) | 53 (1.0) |
| Others | 7137 (89.1) | 969 (10.9) | 9285 (99.4) | 67 (0.6) | 8060 (79.0) | 2288 (21.0) | 11 331 (98.9) | 117 (1.1) |
| p-value | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.98 | ||||
| Employment state | ||||||||
| Employed | 8460 (91.2) | 877 (8.8) | 9289 (99.5) | 54 (0.5) | 6422 (81.5) | 1500 (18.5) | 7842 (99.0) | 70 (1.0) |
| Unemployed | 3027 (86.0) | 545 (14.0) | 3519 (98.8) | 54 (1.2) | 6739 (78.1) | 1962 (21.9) | 8594 (98.8) | 107 (1.2) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.2 | ||||
| Lives with spouse | ||||||||
| Yes | 8792 (90.4) | 1039 (9.6) | 9781 (99.4) | 67 (0.6) | 9468 (82.4) | 2131 (17.6) | 11 485 (99.1) | 101 (0.9) |
| No | 3337 (88.4) | 509 (11.6) | 5337 (99.3) | 44 (0.7) | 4629 (74.0) | 1645 (26.0) | 7595 (98.7) | 95 (1.3) |
| p-value | 0.005 | 0.45 | <0.001 | 0.07 | ||||
| Private insurance | ||||||||
| Yes | 8853 (91.3) | 858 (8.7) | 11 565 (99.6) | 54 (0.4) | 10 488 (82.9) | 2157 (17.1) | 14 273 (99.3) | 98 (0.7) |
| No | 3740 (85.4) | 726 (14.6) | 4622 (98.9) | 60 (1.1) | 3974 (70.4) | 1684 (29.6) | 5760 (98.0) | 104 (2.0) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Non | 3243 (92.6) | 306 (7.4) | 5683 (99.6) | 24 (0.4) | 12 921 (81.2) | 3142 (18.8) | 17 894 (99.2) | 138 (0.8) |
| Ex-smoker | 1902 (90.7) | 209 (9.3) | 2096 (99.5) | 15 (0.5) | 300 (73.2) | 104 (26.8) | 396 (97.9) | 8 (2.1) |
| Current smoker | 7146 (88.6) | 1018 (11.4) | 8092 (99.3) | 72 (0.7) | 1040 (67.0) | 553 (33.0) | 1536 (96.5) | 55 (3.5) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| History of major depression | ||||||||
| No | 12 113 (93.5) | 936 (6.5) | 13 023 (99.8) | 32 (0.2) | 13 308 (87.5) | 1991 (12.5) | 15 238 (99.6) | 49 (0.4) |
| Yes | 741 (54.1) | 677 (45.9) | 1327 (94.9) | 84 (5.1) | 1410 (41.9) | 1917 (58.1) | 3154 (95.2) | 157 (4.8) |
| p-value | < 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Frequency of alcohol drinking | ||||||||
| Never | 3048 (88.2) | 448 (11.8) | 5618 (99.4) | 34 (0.6) | 6037 (78.7) | 1769 (21.3) | 9707 (99.2) | 83 (0.8) |
| Less than monthly | 1366 (90.0) | 165 (10.0) | 1521 (99.6) | 8 (0.4) | 3476 (80.5) | 852 (19.5) | 4279 (98.9) | 41 (1.1) |
| Monthly | 1014 (91.8) | 110 (8.2) | 1113 (99.1) | 12 (0.9) | 1640 (83.0) | 335 (17.0) | 1962 (99.2) | 15 (0.8) |
| 2-4 times/mo | 3125 (91.6) | 295 (8.4) | 3404 (99.6) | 16 (0.4) | 2402 (81.0) | 558 (19.0) | 2926 (99.0) | 30 (1.0) |
| 2-3 times/wk | 2742 (90.8) | 282 (9.2) | 3007 (99.5) | 19 (0.5) | 876 (75.2) | 270 (24.8) | 1120 (98.0) | 22 (2.0) |
| ≥4 times/wk | 1523 (84.5) | 310 (15.5) | 1807 (98.5) | 27 (1.5) | 245 (67.9) | 114 (32.1) | 342 (95.5) | 15 (4.5) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Quantity of alcohol drinking per occasion (drinks) | ||||||||
| 0 | 12 818 (0.0) | 446 (11.9) | 5588 (99.4) | 34 (0.6) | 6008 (78.7) | 1764 (21.3) | 9673 (99.1) | 83 (0.9) |
| 1-2 | 1799 (90.7) | 216 (9.3) | 2001 (99.3) | 16 (0.7) | 4809 (82.3) | 1079 (17.7) | 5832 (99.1) | 46 (0.9) |
| 3-4 | 1983 (90.0) | 233 (10.0) | 2197 (99.4) | 16 (0.6) | 2106 (80.5) | 506 (19.5) | 2581 (99.0) | 27 (1.0) |
| 5-6 | 1896 (91.3) | 201 (8.7) | 2085 (99.4) | 13 (0.6) | 964 (78.8) | 246 (21.2) | 1184 (98.1) | 26 (1.9) |
| 7-9 | 1947 (89.5) | 237 (10.5) | 2169 (99.5) | 16 (0.5) | 455 (73.4) | 152 (26.6) | 599 (99.1) | 7 (0.9) |
| ≥10 | 2171 (89.8) | 276 (10.2) | 2427 (99.3) | 21 (0.7) | 341 (69.2) | 154 (30.8) | 477 (97.0) | 17 (3.0) |
| p-value | 0.05 | 0.93 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Categorized AUDIT scores | ||||||||
| 0-7 | 7240 (90.3) | 874 (9.7) | 10 204 (99.4) | 66 (0.6) | 13 319 (80.6) | 3388 (19.4) | 18 520 (99.1) | 158 (0.9) |
| 8-15 | 3381 (90.8) | 363 (9.2) | 3727 (99.7) | 17 (0.3) | 1128 (75.5) | 356 (24.5) | 1456 (98.7) | 26 (1.3) |
| 16-19 | 1169 (90.5) | 133 (9.5) | 1293 (99.1) | 13 (0.9) | 142 (64.5) | 74 (35.5) | 208 (96.0) | 8 (4.0) |
| ≥20 | 1065 (83.3) | 243 (16.7) | 1286 (98.7) | 20 (1.3) | 130 (59.7) | 90 (40.3) | 205 (94.1) | 14 (5.9) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Requency of alcoholic blackouts | ||||||||
| Never | 9005 (90.5) | 1039 (9.5) | 12 132 (99.5) | 69 (0.5) | 13 314 (80.4) | 3428 (19.6) | 18 543 (99.1) | 166 (0.9) |
| Less than monthly | 1971 (90.6) | 233 (9.4) | 2187 (99.4) | 18 (0.6) | 671 (71.8) | 239 (28.2) | 893 (98.4) | 18 (1.6) |
| Monthly | 979 (88.5) | 152 (11.5) | 1122 (99.5) | 8 (0.5) | 208 (72.3) | 86 (27.7) | 283 (96.9) | 10 (3.1) |
| More than once a week | 333 (76.0) | 106 (24) | 426 (97.1) | 14 (2.9) | 60 (55.8) | 45 (44.2) | 97 (93.9) | 7(6.1) |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Values are presented as number (%).
AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.
1
Megalopolis characterizes those living in Seoul.
2
Metropolitan refers to those living in other large cities.