Table 3. Novel therapeutic compounds targeting CSCs in various tissue-specific cancers.
ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; AML, acute myelogenous leukemia; CML, chronic myelognous leukemia; MM, multiple myeloma.
| Tissue stem cells | Drug | In vivo study | In vitro inhibition | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | ATRA | No | Mammosphere | [127] |
| Breast | IMD-0354+ Doxorubicin | Yes | Sphere | [128] |
| Breast | Salinomycin | Yes | Mammosphere | [129] |
| Brain | Disulfiram | No | Ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway | [130] |
| Brain | γ-secretase inhibitor | Yes | Notch pathway | [131] |
| Blood (AML) | ABT-263 | Yes | Oxidative phosphorylation | [132] |
| Blood (CML) | FTY720 | Yes | PP2A agonist | [133] |
| Blood (MM) | Palcitaxel-Fe3O4 | Yes | Not tested | [134] |
| Colon | Metformin + FuOx | No | Colonosphere | [135] |
| Colon | CC188 | No | Carbohydrate epitope on the surface |
[136] |
| Colon | α-DLL4 | Yes | Not tested | [137] |
| Gallbladder | Emodin | Yes | ABCG2 pump | [138] |
| Liver | Lupeol | Yes | Hepatosphere | [139] |
| Lung, Breast and Ovary |
VS-5584 | No | PI3K-mTOR | [140] |
| Pancreas | GDC-0449 | No | Hedgehog pathway | [141] |
| Pancreas | GNT-61 | Yes | Hedgehog pathway | [142] |