Table 3.
Adjusted comparisons of material need insecurity with diabetes control and healthcare utilization
| Poor Diabetes Controla ORb (95% CI) |
Outpatient Visits IRRc (95% CI) |
ED/Inpatient Visits IRRc (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Food Insecurity | 1.97 (1.58 – 2.47) | 1.19 (1.05 – 1.36) | 1.00 (0.51 – 1.97) |
| No Food Insecurity | 1.00 (--) | 1.0 (--) | 1.0 (--) |
|
| |||
| Cost-related Medication Underuse | 1.91 (1.35 – 2.70) | 1.07 (0.95 – 1.21) | 1.68 (1.21 – 2.34) |
| No Cost-related Medication Underuse | 1.00 (--) | 1.0 (--) | 1.0 (--) |
|
| |||
| Housing Instability | 1.10 (0.60 – 2.02) | 1.31 (1.14 – 1.51) | 1.49 (0.81 – 2.73) |
| No Housing Instability | 1.00 (--) | 1.0 (--) | 1.0 (--) |
|
| |||
| Energy Insecurity | 1.27 (0.96 – 1.69) | 1.12 (1.00– 1.25) | 1.31 (0.80 – 2.13) |
| No Energy Insecurity | 1.0 (--) | 1.0 (--) | 1.0 (--) |
a
Composite of HbA1c > 9.0%, LDL cholesterol > 100mg/dL, or blood pressure > 140/90 mm/Hg
b
Odds Ratio (OR) adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, health literacy, survey language, nativity, duration of diabetes, glycemic, cholesterol, and blood pressure medications, and clustering by clinic
c
Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, health literacy, survey language, nativity, duration of diabetes, Charlson score, and clustering by clinic