Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants randomly selected from communities: COMMUNICATE Study
| Control | Intervention | P valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Group A | Group FM | Group AFM | |||
| Cluster | 3 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| Residents, n | 5235 | 14721 | 3700 | 5553 | 5468 | 0.64 |
| Residents aged 40–79 years, n | 2917 | 7493 | 2132 | 2743 | 2618 | 0.93 |
| Population density, mean ± SD, /km2 | 131 ± 137 | 273 ± 371 | 433 ± 641 | 145 ± 46 | 240 ± 268 | 0.52 |
| Evaluation participants (eligible response rate) | 1078 (71.9) | 3336 (74.1) | 1107 (73.8) | 1107 (73.8) | 1122 (74.8) | 0.85 |
| Male | 510 (47.3) | 1540 (46.2) | 522 (47.2) | 517 (46.7) | 501 (44.7) | 0.51 |
| Age, Mean ± SD, years | 61.0 ± 10.6 | 60.7 ± 10.5 | 61.2 ± 10.7 | 60.1 ± 10.4 | 60.6 ± 10.5 | 0.29 |
| 40-59 | 471 (43.7) | 1514 (45.4) | 477 (43.1) | 522 (47.2) | 515 (45.9) | |
| 60-79 | 607 (56.3) | 1822 (54.6) | 630 (56.9) | 585 (52.8) | 607 (54.1) | |
| Body mass index, Mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 22.5 ± 3.2 | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 22.3 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 3.0 | 0.68 |
| <18.5 | 83 (8.1) | 226 (7.0) | 62 (5.9) | 88 (8.2) | 76 (6.9) | |
| ≥18.5 to <25 | 744 (72.2) | 2352 (72.9) | 770 (72.8) | 804 (74.8) | 778 (71.1) | |
| ≥25 | 204 (19.8) | 650 (20.1) | 226 (21.4) | 183 (17.0) | 241 (22.0) | |
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Excellent/good | 878 (81.9) | 2722 (82.7) | 885 (80.8) | 902 (83.0) | 935 (84.3) | 0.20 |
| Fair/poor | 194 (18.1) | 569 (17.3) | 210 (19.2) | 185 (17.0) | 174 (15.7) | |
| Years of education, mean ± SD | 11.5 ± 2.3 | 11.5 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 2.4 | 11.4 ± 2.3 | 11.5 ± 2.5 | 0.72 |
| Employed | 695 (69.6) | 2101 (68.7) | 665 (64.6) | 711 (70.0) | 725 (71.6) | 0.58 |
| Engagement in farming | 552 (52.4) | 1626 (49.7) | 466 (42.7) | 627 (58.2) | 533 (48.4) | 0.13 |
| Chronic disease historyb | 659 (61.1) | 2059 (61.7) | 679 (61.3) | 673 (60.8) | 707 (63.0) | 0.73 |
Group A = aerobic activity; Group FM = flexibility and muscle-strengthening activities; Group AFM = aerobic, flexibility, and muscle-strengthening activities. VAS = visual analog scale. Figures are numbers (percentages) before imputation of missing values. Sample sizes (denominators) vary due to missing values
aComparison between control and intervention groups using the chi-square test for binary variables and Mann–Whitney U-test for categorical and continuous variables with non-normal distribution
bHaving the following disease history: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, kidney and urologic diseases, liver disease, gastrointestinal disease, endocrine disease, cancer