Table 2.

Association between use of venlafaxine just before and during early pregnancy and the occurrence of certain birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007

Birth Defects	Total	Exposed	Crude Odds Ratio 95% Exact CI	Adjusted Odds Ratio1 95% Exact CI
No Major Birth Defects (Control Infants)	8002	14	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Anencephaly	411	4	5.6 (1.3–18.0)	6.3 (1.5–20.2)
SpinaBifida	874	3	2.0 (0.4–7.1)	2.1 (0.4–7.6)
Anotia or Microtia	470	1	§	§
Conotruncal Heart Defects	1754	6	2.0 (0.6–5.4)	1.9 (0.6–5.3)
D-Transposition of the Great Arteries	545	2	§	§
Tetralogy of Fallot	799	1	§	§
Septal Heart Defects	3621	18	2.9 (1.3–6.2)	3.0 (1.4–6.4)
Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect	1410	6	2.4 (0.8–6.8)	2.4 (0.8–6.7)
Atrial Septal Defect, type 2 or not otherwise specified	2181	11	2.9 (1.2–6.9)	3.1 (1.3–7.4)
Ventricular Septal Defect-Atrial Septal Defect Association	576	3	3.0 (0.5–10.8)	3.1 (0.6–11.3)
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Defects2	1250	5	2.3 (0.6–6.7)	2.3 (0.6–6.6)
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis	985	5	2.7 (0.8–8.1)	2.7 (0.8–7.9)
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Defects	1444	9	3.6 (1.4–8.9)	3.3 (1.2–8.2)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome	425	2	§	§
Coarctation of the Aorta	768	6	4.5 (1.4–12.5)	4.1 (1.3–11.5)
Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate	2134	6	1.6 (0.5–4.4)	1.5 (0.5–4.3)
Cleft Palate alone	1123	7	3.5 (1.2–9.3)	3.3 (1.1–8.8)
AnorectalAtresia	741	1	§	§
Esophageal Atresia	499	0	§	§
Hypospadias, 2nd/3rd degree3	1571	7	2.6 (0.8–8.7)	2.3 (0.7–7.9)
Any Limb Reduction Defect	847	3	2.0 (0.4–7.3)	2.1 (0.4–7.6)
Craniosynostosis	982	3	1.7 (0.3–6.3)	1.5 (0.3–5.4)
Diaphragmatic Hernia	594	2	§	§
Gastroschisis	911	6	3.8 (1.2–10.5)	5.7 (1.8–15.9)4

^§Two or fewer exposed cases; No odds ratios calculated.

¹Adjusted for age (<30, ≥30 years) and race (NH White, Other)

²Excluding Ebstein’s Anomaly

³Hypospadias among male infants only; 4063 control male infants

⁴Association with gastroschisis adjusted for age (<20, ≥20 years) and race (NH White, Other)