Table 5. Effect of biochars applied alone or mixed with N fertilizer on yield and yield characteristics of wheat grown in pots under greenhouse conditions.
| Treatments | Spike length (cm) | No of grains per spike | 1000-grain weight (g) | Biological yield (g pot-1) | Dry matter yield (g pot-1) | Grain yield (g pot-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 5.3c | 24e | 47.8d | 19.6 g | 11.7e | 7.9g |
| UN200 | 7.7b | 49a | 58.9abc | 52.3b | 30.9b | 21.4bc |
| UN100 | 6.7bc | 30d | 55.2bc | 28.1f | 16.5d | 11.6f |
| WCRB30 | 9.9a | 45ab | 53.9c | 33.7e | 19.6d | 14.1e |
| PMB30 | 9.7a | 43bc | 56.4abc | 45.9c | 27.0bc | 18.9cd |
| WCRB15+PMB15 | 9.8a | 39c | 57.6abc | 40.4d | 23.8c | 16.6d |
| UN50+WCRB50 | 9.8a | 45ab | 60.7a | 47.9bc | 26.4c | 21.5bc |
| UN50+PMB50 | 10.4a | 49a | 57.0abc | 61.4a | 36.1a | 25.3a |
| UN50+WCRB25+ PMB25 | 10.4 a | 47ab | 59.3 ab | 48.1bc | 26.1 | 22.0b |
| LSD (P≤0.05) | 1.47 | 5.14 | 5.09 | 4.53 | 4.07 | 2.55 |
UN200 = Urea N (UN) applied at 200 mg N kg-1 soil; UN100 = Urea N (UN) applied at 100 mg N kg-1 soil; WCRB30 = White clover residues derived biochar (WCRB) applied at 30 t ha-1; PMB30 = poultry manure derived biochar (WCRB) applied at 30 t ha-1; WCRB15+PMB15 = White clover residues biochar (WCRB) and poultry manure biochar applied at 15 t ha-1 (half) each; UN50+WCRB50 = urea N and white clover residues biochar applied at the proportion of 50:50; UN50+PMB50 = urea N and poultry manure biochar applied at the proportion of 50:50; UN50+WCRB25+ PMB25 = urea N, white clover residues and poultry manure biochars applied at the proportion of 50:25:25. Least significant difference (LSD) P ≤ 0.05 is for comparison of treatment means (within the columns), and the means followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other.