Table 6. Post-harvest analysis of soil for changing in physical and chemical properties following the addition of biochars with and without N fertilizer.
| Treatments | Soil pH | Organic matter (g kg-1) | Organic C (gkg-1) | Total N (g kg-1) | C: N ratio | Bulk density (g cm-3) | Pore space (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 7.32b | 11.7e | 6.8f | 0.73f | 9.3b | 1.28a | 52.0c |
| UN200 | 7.11c | 10.2f | 5.9g | 1.86a | 3.2e | 1.29a | 52.0c |
| UN100 | 7.16c | 11.3ef | 6.6f | 1.61b | 4.1d | 1.24ab | 53.3c |
| WCRB30 | 8.22a | 23.2a | 13.8a | 1.18e | 11.7a | 1.07d | 59.7a |
| PMB30 | 8.14a | 21.4b | 12.4b | 1.20d | 9.8b | 1.17bcd | 56.0abc |
| WCRB15+PMB15 | 8.20a | 19.5c | 11.3c | 1.16e | 9.8b | 1.11cd | 58.3ab |
| UN50+WCRB50 | 8.28a | 17.6d | 10.2d | 1.47c | 6.9c | 1.22ab | 54.0bc |
| UN50+PMB50 | 8.19a | 16.5d | 9.5e | 1.42c | 6.7c | 1.24ab | 53.3c |
| UN50+WCRB25+ PMB25 | 8.21a | 17.0d | 9.9de | 1.45c | 6.8c | 1.19abc | 54.3bc |
| LSD (P≤0.05) | 0.140 | 1.02 | 0.74 | 0.076 | 1.01 | 0.101 | 3.92 |
UN200 = Urea N (UN) applied at 200 mg N kg-1 soil; UN100 = Urea N (UN) applied at 100 mg N kg-1 soil; WCRB30 = White clover residues derived biochar (WCRB) applied at 30 t ha-1; PMB30 = poultry manure derived biochar (WCRB) applied at 30 t ha-1; WCRB15+PMB15 = White clover residues biochar (WCRB) and poultry manure biochar applied at 15 t ha-1 (half) each; UN50+WCRB50 = urea N and white clover residues biochar applied at the proportion of 50:50; UN50+PMB50 = urea N and poultry manure biochar applied at the proportion of 50:50; UN50+WCRB25+ PMB25 = urea N, white clover residues and poultry manure biochars applied at the proportion of 50:25:25. Least significant difference (LSD) P ≤ 0.05 is for comparison of treatment means (within the columns), and the means followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other.