TABLE 3.
Multivariate relative risks (and 95% CIs) for food pattern scores based on food groups or food items that were derived to explain variations in intake of quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin and the incidence of pancreatic cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort study1
| Food pattern score |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for trend2 | |
| Total cohort | ||||||
| Food group pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 119/36 583 | 127/36 576 | 133/36 570 | 114/36 589 | 117/36 585 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) | 0.83 (0.63, 1.08) | 0.05 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 1.06 (0.82, 1.36) | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) | 0.14 |
| Food item pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 115/36 587 | 121/36 582 | 150/36 552 | 117/36 586 | 107/36 596 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) | 1.21 (0.95, 1.55) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | 0.84 (0.64, 1.10) | 0.18 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 1.04 (0.80, 1.34) | 1.28 (1.00, 1.64) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.18) | 0.39 |
| Never smokers3 | ||||||
| Food group pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 36/12113 | 41/15 378 | 56/16 794 | 49/18 291 | 58/19 510 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 0.85 (0.54, 1.33) | 1.01 (0.66, 1.54) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.18) | 0.83 (0.54, 1.28) | 0.33 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 0.84 (0.54, 1.32) | 1.00 (0.66, 1.53) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.18) | 0.81 (0.53, 1.26) | 0.30 |
| Food item pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 34/13 130 | 38/15 564 | 67/16 905 | 53/17 920 | 48/18 567 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 0.90 (0.56, 1.43) | 1.42 (0.94, 2.15) | 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) | 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) | 0.84 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 0.90 (0.57, 1.44) | 1.44 (0.95, 2.18) | 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) | 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) | 0.82 |
| Former smokers | ||||||
| Food group pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 41/15 047 | 51/14 711 | 58/14 540 | 50/14 020 | 46/13 178 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 1.23 (0.81, 1.86) | 1.36 (0.91, 2.03) | 1.16 (0.76, 1.77) | 1.09 (0.71, 1.68) | 0.85 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 1.23 (0.81, 1.85) | 1.34 (0.90, 2.01) | 1.15 (0.75, 1.74) | 1.09 (0.71, 1.69) | 0.86 |
| Food item pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 39/14 669 | 54/14 524 | 59/14 413 | 46/14 115 | 48/13 775 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 1.32 (0.88, 2.00) | 1.46 (0.97, 2.19) | 1.16 (0.75, 1.78) | 1.21 (0.79, 1.87) | 0.66 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 1.33 (0.88, 2.00) | 1.46 (0.97, 2.19) | 1.15 (0.74, 1.77) | 1.21 (0.79, 1.87) | 0.67 |
| Current smokers | ||||||
| Food group pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 42/9423 | 35/6487 | 19/5236 | 15/4278 | 13/3897 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 1.11 (0.71, 1.75) | 0.74 (0.43, 1.28) | 0.66 (0.36, 1.20) | 0.61 (0.32, 1.15) | 0.04 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 1.11 (0.70, 1.74) | 0.74 (0.43, 1.28) | 0.65 (0.36, 1.18) | 0.59 (0.31, 1.12) | 0.03 |
| Food item pattern score | ||||||
| Cases/noncases (n) | 42/8788 | 29/6494 | 24/5235 | 18/4551 | 11/4253 | |
| Adjusted for sex and race-ethnicity | 1 | 0.89 (0.55, 1.44) | 0.87 (0.52, 1.44) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.33) | 0.46 (0.23, 0.90) | 0.03 |
| Multivariate-adjusted | 1 | 0.90 (0.56, 1.45) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.44) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.32) | 0.45 (0.23, 0.89) | 0.03 |
Cox regression models are stratified for sex, race-ethnicity, and follow-up time and adjusted for BMI, prevalent diabetes mellitus, family history of pancreatic cancer, age at cohort entry, energy intake (logarithmically transformed), pack-years of smoking, and smoking status (when appropriate). Q, quintile.
Tests for trend were based on analysis of quintile number as continuous variable in Cox regression models.
Tests for interaction were based on interaction terms between variables in regression models. Food group pattern score × current smoking interaction, P = 0.25; food item pattern score × current smoking interaction, P = 0.06.