Table 3.
Network variablesa associated with individual HIV seroprevalence among people who inject drugs in Athens, Greece 2012 with connections to strangers removed.
| Multivariableb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
| NETWORK LEVEL VARIABLESc | |||||
| Network HIV Seroprevalence (%) | |||||
| HIV infected | |||||
| Low (0) | 609 | 40.4 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 69 | 50.7 | 3.74 | (2.00,6.98) | <0.0001 |
| High (≥50) | 239 | 57.7 | 2.82 | (1.88,4.22) | <0.0001 |
| Network Risk Behaviorsd | |||||
| Divides drugs | |||||
| Low (0) | 429 | 42.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 66 | 50 | 3.12 | (1.61,6.04) | 0.001 |
| High (≥50) | 418 | 48.6 | 1.65 | (1.12,2.45) | 0.01 |
| High frequency injecting | |||||
| Low (0) | 389 | 35.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 51 | 33.3 | 2.17 | (0.99,4.76) | 0.05 |
| High (≥50) | 477 | 55.6 | 1.66 | (1.11,2.48) | 0.01 |
| Shares cookers, filters or water | |||||
| Low (0) | 189 | 39.7 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 36 | 55.6 | 3.50 | (1.42,8.60) | 0.006 |
| High (≥50) | 692 | 46.8 | 1.64 | (1.00,2.72) | 0.06 |
| Shares syringes | |||||
| Low (0) | 413 | 43.3 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 78 | 46.2 | 1.69 | (0.89,3.22) | 0.12 |
| High (≥50) | 425 | 47.8 | 1.48 | (1.00,2.19) | 0.05 |
| Other Characteristics | |||||
| Exchange Sexd | |||||
| Low (0) | 777 | 43.6 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 77 | 51.9 | 1.95 | (1.07,3.57) | 0.02 |
| High (≥50) | 109 | 48.6 | 0.56 | (0.30,1.04) | 0.07 |
| Homelessd | |||||
| Low (0) | 452 | 40.9 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 82 | 43.9 | 2.52 | (1.37,4.65) | 0.002 |
| High (≥50) | 383 | 51.7 | 1.31 | (0.88,1.95) | 0.18 |
| Primary school only | |||||
| Low (0) | 557 | 40.6 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 82 | 59.8 | 2.08 | (1.15,3.76) | 0.01 |
| High (≥50) | 278 | 51.8 | 1.37 | (0.92,2.04) | 0.12 |
| Ever in prison | |||||
| Low (0) | 289 | 41.9 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate (1 – 49) | 58 | 41.4 | 3.55 | (1.67,7.55) | 0.001 |
| High (≥50) | 569 | 48 | 1.71 | (1.11,2.62) | 0.02 |
Each network variable represents an independent model. Multivariable models include the network variable indicated and individual-level covariates.
Covariates for multivariate HIV models included: Covariates for multivariate HIV models included individual-level: age, sex, homelessness, highest level of education, history of incarceration, getting condoms from an HIV prevention activity, getting syringes from an HIV prevention activity, getting condoms from an HIV prevention activity, ever being in drug treatment, using divided drugs with a syringe that has already been used, frequency of injection, drug injected most often, sharing cookers/water or filters, sharing syringes, using alcohol or drugs with last sex partner and having unprotected sex.
Network-level variables were measured as network proportions. For example, if an individual has 4 network members and 3 are HIV infected, that individual’s HIV infected network proportion is 0.75.
Results reflect behavior in past 12 months.