TABLE 3.

Performance of BPC Models, and Comparison With Nurses and Parents for Binary Presence/Absence of Clinically Significant Pain.

BPC
Pain Condition	Metrica	Machine				Human
		BPC	BPC + Demographics	BPC-Objective	BPC-Objective + Demographics	Nurse	Parent
Ongoing	AUC	0.84 ± 0.05	0.84 ± 0.06	0.91 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.03	0.86 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.02
	Cohen’s κ	0.36 ± 0.10	0.34 ± 0.11	0.61 ± 0.07	0.70 ± 0.06	0.15 ± 0.06	0.50 ± 0.09
Transient	AUC	0.91 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.01
	Cohen’s κ	0.61 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.07	0.72 ± 0.04	0.72 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.07	0.72 ± 0.06

BPC, Binary Pain Classification; +Demographics, demographics included as input to model, with face vector; Objective, time since surgery used as objective ground truth for pain; Ongoing, ongoing pain condition; Transient, transient pain stimulus condition.

^aData are expressed as mean ± SE, computed over cross 10 validation partitions. See Supplemental Information.