Table 1. Surface roughness parameters of titanium discs using laser scanning confocal microscopy.

	A	B	C
Ra (µm)	0.537 ± 0.051	1.285 ± 0.025	22.351 ± 2.766
Rq (µm)	0.681 ± 0.059	1.759 ± 0.037	25.202 ± 2.472
Rz (µm)	2.169 ± 0.239	6.652 ± 0.797	46.161 ± 4.904

A, machined-surface discs; B, sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)-treated discs; C, SLA-treated and microgroove-formed discs.

Ra, roughness average; Rq, root mean square roughness; Rz, valley depth.