Fig. 3.

Generalized TL for intraspecific patterns of carabid beetles abundance. Shown is a double logarithmic plot of $\langle N^k\rangle$ vs. $\langle N\rangle$ for different species (identified by different colors and symbols), for consecutive years (each symbol refers to a single year t). For visual clarity, only five species are shown. Dashed black lines of slopes $b_{1k}=k$ (asymptotic model prediction) are shown. Vertical offsets are introduced to aid comparison of slopes. (Insets) Box and whisker plots for the empirical distribution of intraspecific generalized TL exponents $b_{jk}$, showing the median (white horizontal line) and the $25\text{\%}$ and $75\text{\%}$ quantiles.