Table 3.
Risk association (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals) of socioeconomic status with leukemia (and ALL), by type of SES characteristic.
| SES | Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysisa |
||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukemia |
ALL |
Leukemia |
ALL |
|||||||||||||||||
| N | OR | (95%CI) | P | Ptrend | N | OR | (95%CI) | P | Ptrend | N | OR | (95%CI) | P | Ptrend | N | OR | (95%CI) | P | Ptrend | |
| Education status of the mother | 4897 | 3710 | 4387 | 3330 | ||||||||||||||||
| Compulsory education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Secondary education | 1.10 | (0.90–1.35) | 0.345 | 0.084 | 1.12 | (0.89–1.41) | 0.329 | 0.13 | 1.11 | (0.88–1.40) | 0.385 | 0.064 | 1.05 | (0.80–1.36) | 0.733 | 0.39 | ||||
| Tertiary education | 1.30 | (0.97–1.75) | 0.076 | 1.30 | (0.92–1.82) | 0.134 | 1.37 | (1.00–1.89) | 0.052 | 1.19 | (0.82–1.73) | 0.353 | ||||||||
| Education status of the father | 4427 | 3365 | 4387 | 3330 | ||||||||||||||||
| Compulsory education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Secondary education | 0.96 | (0.76–1.22) | 0.751 | 0.81 | 0.99 | (0.75–1.30) | 0.938 | 0.87 | 0.96 | (0.73–1.26) | 0.770 | 0.73 | 0.92 | (0.68–1.25) | 0.586 | 0.38 | ||||
| Tertiary education | 0.97 | (0.75–1.25) | 0.793 | 0.98 | (0.73–1.31) | 0.873 | 0.95 | (0.71–1.26) | 0.712 | 0.86 | (0.62–1.20) | 0.382 | ||||||||
| Rooms per person | 4856 | 3670 | 4313 | 3261 | ||||||||||||||||
| <1 room/person | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1–1.25 room/person | 0.99 | (0.79–1.24) | 0.946 | 0.80 | 1.06 | (0.82–1.37) | 0.673 | 0.88 | 0.98 | (0.77–1.24) | 0.860 | 0.78 | 1.00 | (0.76–1.32) | 0.982 | 0.50 | ||||
| >1.25 room/person | 0.97 | (0.77–1.22) | 0.808 | 0.99 | (0.76–1.28) | 0.918 | 0.96 | (0.74–1.25) | 0.775 | 0.91 | (0.67–1.23) | 0.525 | ||||||||
| Living space (in m2) | 3643 | 2733 | 3246 | 2438 | ||||||||||||||||
| Lower tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 0.93 | (0.73–1.18) | 0.537 | 0.25 | 0.90 | (0.68–1.18) | 0.430 | 0.39 | 0.97 | (0.75–1.25) | 0.795 | 0.22 | 0.90 | (0.67–1.21) | 0.476 | 0.62 | ||||
| Upper tertile | 1.15 | (0.91–1.46) | 0.236 | 1.13 | (0.86–1.48) | 0.375 | 1.18 | (0.90–1.54) | 0.220 | 1.08 | (0.80–1.47) | 0.621 | ||||||||
| Lowest 20% | 1 | 1 | 1.00 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Highest 20% | 1.18 | (0.87–1.59) | 0.288 | 1.26 | (0.89–1.78) | 0.196 | 1.27 | (0.90–1.80) | 0.167 | 1.26 | (0.85–1.86) | 0.257 | ||||||||
| Area-based SES index | 4945 | 3751 | 4387 | 3330 | ||||||||||||||||
| Lower tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 1.31 | (1.05–1.65) | 0.018 | 0.18 | 1.34 | (1.03–1.74) | 0.028 | 0.25 | 1.29 | (1.02–1.64) | 0.033 | 0.16 | 1.34 | (1.02–1.77) | 0.034 | 0.35 | ||||
| Upper tertile | 1.19 | (0.94–1.51) | 0.145 | 1.19 | (0.91–1.57) | 0.206 | 1.21 | (0.94–1.55) | 0.134 | 1.17 | (0.88–1.56) | 0.286 | ||||||||
| Lowest 20% | 1 | 1 | 1.00 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Highest 20% | 1.33 | (0.98–1.81) | 0.071 | 1.39 | (0.97–2.00) | 0.069 | 1.32 | (0.96–1.82) | 0.092 | 1.30 | (0.89–1.89) | 0.172 | ||||||||
ALL indicates acute lymphoblastic leukemia; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; N, number of observation in the conditional regression model; Ptrend, P-value for trend over the SES levels.
aAdjusted for maternal age at birth, paternal age at birth, nationality, language region, older children in household.