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. 2015 May 29;5:31. doi: 10.4103/2156-7514.157858

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Copyright: © 2015 Journal of Clinical Imaging Science

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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41-year-old female with ESRD, needing hemodialysis. (a) Frontal fluoroscopic spot image of the upper chest shows a malfunctioning IJV (arrow). TDC's (b) arm and (d) coronal CT venography of chest reveals SVC stenosis (arrow in b, d), left brachiocephalic vein stenosis (white arrow in c), and collaterals (white arrow in e). Femoral veins were occluded. (f) Frontal fluoroscopic spot image of the abdomen shows a translumbar IVC TDC (arrow in f). (g and h) Axial CT abdominal images show the course of catheter through abdominal wall (arrow in g) and into the IVC (arrow in h). Patient returned due to catheter dysfunction (i and j). Frontal fluoroscopic imaging shows balloon dilation of IVC stenosis (arrow in i); as it failed, stent was placed (midline horizontal arrow in j). Incidentally noted is a Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) stent (oblique arrow in right hypochondrium).