Table-I.
Characteristics of the Study Population in the case and control groups.
| Case Group (N: 121) | Control Group (N: 242) | Test Z/X2;p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Median (SD) | 41.0 | 40.0 | 0.164; 0.870 | |
| IQR 25-75 | 33-52 | 34-52 | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | n (%) | 27 (22.3) | 62 (25.6) | 0.476;0.490 | |
| Female | n (%) | 94 (77.7) | 180 (74.4) | ||
| Education | |||||
| No education or primary school | n (%) | 52 (43.0) | 102 (42.1) | 0.895; 0.639 | |
| Secondary school | n (%) | 15 (12.4) | 23 (9.5) | ||
| High school or University | n (%) | 54 (44.6) | 117 (48.3) | ||
| Income level | |||||
| Bad | n (%) | 11 (9.1) | 38 (15.7) | 4.048; 0.132 | |
| Fair | n (%) | 86 (71.1) | 149 (61.6) | ||
| Good | n (%) | 24 (19.8) | 55 (22.7) | ||
| Current Smoker | |||||
| No | n (%) | 95 (78.5) | 174 (71.9) | 1.838; 0.175 | |
| Yes | n (%) | 26 (21.5) | 68 (28.1) | ||
| Current alcohol drinker | |||||
| No | n (%) | 119 (98.3) | 235 (97.1) | 0.513; 0.474 | |
| Yes | n (%) | 2 (1.7) | 7 (2.9) | ||
| Family history of DED | |||||
| No | n (%) | 94 (77.7) | 224 (92.6) | 16.438; <0.001 | |
| Yes | n (%) | 27 (22.3) | 18 (7.4) | ||
| Chronic disease history | |||||
| No | n (%) | 60 (49.6) | 165 (68.2) | 11.837; 0.001 | |
| Yes | n (%) | 61 (50.4) | 77 (31.8) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | n (%) | 3 (2.5) | 4 (1.7) | 0.426; 0.808 | |
| 18.5-24.9 | n (%) | 49 (40.5) | 94 (38.8) | ||
| ≥25.0 | n (%) | 69 (57.0) | 144 (59.5) | ||
| VDT use (hours/day) | |||||
| No | n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 9 (3.7) | 7.669; 0.053 | |
| 0-2 | n (%) | 11 (9.1) | 42 (17.4) | ||
| 2-4 | n (%) | 50 (41.3) | 93 (38.4) | ||
| ≥4 | n (%) | 59 (48.8) | 98 (40.5) | ||
| OSDI score | Median (SD) | 20 (8.5) | 10 (8.3) | 9.063: <0.001 | |
| IQR 25-75 | 15.5-28 | 5-17 | |||
IQR: interquartile range