Table 1.

Demographic, Anthropometric, and Laboratory Differences Between Metabolic Phenotypes in Overweight and Obese Children

	Insulin sensitive overweight/obese (HOMA-IR <2.6) N=157	Insulin resistant overweight/obese (HOMA-IR ≥2.6) N=205	p value
Age, years	8.6±1.6	9.9±1.7	<0.001
Sex (% females)	72 (46)	115 (56)	0.05
Race/ethnicity, n (%)			0.201
Non-Hispanic black	27 (17)	38 (18.5)
Hispanic	122 (77.7)	147 (71.7)
Othera	8 (5.1)	20 (9.8)
Pubertal maturitya, n (%)			<0.001
Prepubertal (Tanner stage 1)	80 (79)	52 (43)
Earlypuberty (Tanner stage 2 and 3)	19 (19)	66 (55)
Late puberty (Tanner stage 4&5)	2 (2)	2 (2)
Height, cm	135.3±10	145±10.8	<0.001
Weight, kg	43.4±10.6	57.4±15	<0.001
BMI, kg/m2	23.45±3.31	26.86±4.35	<0.001
BMI z-score	1.89±0.42	2.04±0.42	0.001
Waist circumference, cm	76.5±8.4	86.8±10.8	<0.001
SBP, mm Hg	103±9	109±11	<0.001
DBP, mm Hg	57±6	59±6	<0.001
Light PA, min	436±97	420±112	0.22
MVPA, min	82±50	59±38	<0.001
Sedentary activity, min	436±113	470±114	0.02
TG, mg/dLb	61 (45, 86)	85 (59, 114)	<0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL	48±10	45±9	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL	81±9	88±8	<0.001
Fasting insulin, u/Lb	9.0 (6.8, 11.1)	19.6 (16, 26.9)	<0.001
CRP, mg/dLb	1.3 (0.5, 3.0)	1.8 (0.8, 4.5)	0.07
HOMA-IRb	1.86 (1.36, 2.25)	4.3 (3.4, 5.93)	<0.001
ALT, U/L	25±20	27±15	0.34
PFNI	4.92±3.05	7.2±6.81	<0.001
Albumin/creatinine ratio	13.2±61.9	16.1±47.3	0.634

^aPubertal staging was available for 221 (61%) participants.

^bMedian (interquartile range).

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PA, physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; TGs, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; PNFI, pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index.