Table 2.
Differences in Intermediate Endpoints Between Metabolic Phenotypes in Overweight and Obese Children
| Insulin sensitive overweight/obese (HOMA-IR <2.6) N=157 | Insulin resistant overweight/obese (HOMA-IR ≥2.6) N=205 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI ≥95th percentile, n (%) | 109 (69) | 164 (80) | 0.021 |
| Components of MetS | |||
| Waist circumference >90th percentile, n (%) | 111 (71) | 175 (85) | 0.001 |
| TGs >150 mg/dL, n (%) | 6 (4) | 22 (11) | 0.014 |
| HDL-C <40 mg/dL, n (%) | 28 (18) | 73 (36) | <0.001 |
| Elevated BP ≥90th percentile, n (%) | 18 (11) | 43 (21) | 0.017 |
| Elevated glucose >100 mg/dL, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 11 (5) | 0.013 |
| MetS, n (%) | 8 (5) | 47(23) | <0.001 |
| Systemic inflammation | |||
| Elevated CRP ≥3.0 mg/dL, n (%) | 40 (25) | 74 (37) | 0.022 |
| NAFLD | |||
| PNFI ≥9, n (%) | 22 (14) | 78 (38) | <0.001 |
| Microalbuminuria | |||
| Albumin/creatinine ratio >30, n (%) | 6 (4) | 17 (9) | 0.071 |
MetS, metabolic syndrome; TGs, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; BP, blood pressure; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PNFI, pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index; PNFI, pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.