Table 1. Patient characteristics and complementary data.
| Overall population (n = 743) | Survivors (n = 597) | Deaths (n = 146) | p * | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) (%) | 62.2 | 62.5 | 61.0 | 0.734 | |
| Age (years) | 67 ± 15 | 67 ± 15 | 67 ± 13 | 0.782 | |
| Location prior to admission (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Emergency room | 27.1 | 29.3 | 17.8 | ||
| General ward | 50.4 | 47.1 | 64.4 | ||
| ICU 1 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 14.4 | ||
| Operating room | 6.0 | 7.5 | 0.0 | ||
| Other centre | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | ||
| Type of admission (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Medical, non-urgent | 10.6 | 9.2 | 16.4 | ||
| Medical, urgent | 78.1 | 77.1 | 82.2 | ||
| Surgical | 11.3 | 13.7 | 1.4 | ||
| Reason for admission (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Sepsis | 21.9 | 20.1 | 29.5 | ||
| Respiratory failure | 34.2 | 31.7 | 44.5 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 11.6 | 12.7 | 6.8 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 9.8 | 10.4 | 7.5 | ||
| Neurologic | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | ||
| Monitoring | 14.0 | 16.2 | 4.8 | ||
| Other | 3.7 | 4.0 | 2.1 | ||
| Do-not resuscitate orders (%) | 19.7 | 13.4 | 45.2 | <0.001 | |
| ECOG (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 and 1 | 28.7 | 32.8 | 11.6 | ||
| 2 | 42.9 | 44.1 | 38.4 | ||
| 3 and 4 | 28.4 | 23.1 | 50.0 | ||
| Infection at admission (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Acquired in the community | 18.2 | 20.8 | 7.5 | ||
| Health-care related | 49.5 | 42.2 | 79.5 | ||
| Previous length of stay (days) | 3 (0–8) | 2 (0–7) | 6 (1–12) | 0.059 | |
| Metastatic cancer (%) | 25.6 | 19.6 | 49.5 | <0.001 | |
| Immunosuppressive therapy (%) | 44.4 | 38.5 | 68.5 | <0.001 | |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 9.2 | 7.0 | 17.8 | <0.001 | |
| COPD 2 (%) | 19.5 | 21.1 | 13.0 | 0.027 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 51.5 | 53.1 | 45.2 | 0.087 | |
| Systolic BP 3 (mmHg) | 117 ± 27 | 118 ± 27 | 115 ± 25 | 0.209 | |
| Heart rate (lpm) | 93 ± 21 | 91 ± 20 | 101 ± 21 | <0.001 | |
| Supplemental oxygen support (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None | 36.0 | 40.2 | 19.2 | ||
| Oxygen support without NIV 4 | 38.4 | 38.7 | 37.0 | ||
| NIV 4 | 25.6 | 21.1 | 43.8 | ||
| Glasgow comma scale ≤12 (%) | 8.5 | 7.4 | 13.0 | 0.028 | |
| pCO2 (mmHg) | 41 ± 12 | 42 ± 12 | 38 ± 12 | <0.001 | |
| Lactate ≥3 mmol/L (%) | 11.7 | 9.2 | 21.9 | <0.001 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.8 ± 2.3 | 10.9 ± 2.4 | 10.3 ± 1.9 | 0.005 | |
| Leukocytes (/mcL) | 10.7 ± 7.0 | 10.5 ± 6.6 | 11.7 ± 8.2 | 0.103 | |
| Platelets (/mcL) | 222 ± 148 | 229 ± 143 | 194 ± 164 | 0.018 | |
| Pro-thrombin time (%) | 79.1 ± 42.0 | 81.0 ± 45.1 | 71.5 ± 24.8 | 0.017 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 12.4 ± 11.3 | 12.0 ± 11.3 | 14.1 ± 11.5 | 0.056 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 0.182 | |
| Urea (g/L) | 0.60 ± 0.42 | 0.57 ± 0.39 | 0.75 ± 0.47 | <0.001 | |
| RIFLE score (%) | 0.026 | ||||
| Risk | 10.6 | 9.9 | 13.7 | ||
| Injury | 5.8 | 5.4 | 7.5 | ||
| Failure | 4.3 | 3.4 | 8.2 | ||
| Loss | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||
| ESRD 5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 | ||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 2.2 ± 5.0 | 1.8 ± 4.1 | 3.9 ± 6.9 | 0.001 | |
| Lowest SPB 6 , 24 hours (mmHg) | 99 ± 19 | 100 ± 19 | 93 ± 19 | <0.001 | |
| Vasoactive drugs, 24 hours (%) | 17.6 | 16.2 | 23.3 | 0.045 | |
| Blood supplements, 24 hours (%) | 34.7 | 31.5 | 47.9 | <0.001 | |
| Urine output, 24 hours (mL) | 1771 (1135–2690) | 1850 (1179–2700) | 1585 (894–2577) | 0.017 | |
| SAPS II score (expected mortality rate) | 33.1 ± 12.9 (19.2%) | 30.6 ± 11.6 (15.5%) | 43.6 ± 12.6 (34.3%) | <0.001 | |
| SAPS 3 score (expected mortality rate) | 60.3 ± 14.0 (38.2%) | 57.5 ± 13.3 (33.6%) | 71.7 ± 10.8 (57.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Location at discharge (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| General ward | 77.4 | 85.8 | 43.6 | ||
| ICU 1 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 26.3 | ||
| Operating room | 3.7 | 3.9 | 2.7 | ||
| Other centre | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.0 | ||
| Home | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Death (in ImCU 7 ) | 5.4 | 0.0 | 27.4 |
* All the remaining variables including diabetes, dyslipidemia, heart failure, previous coronary heart disease, heart arrhythmia, neurologic illness, body mass index, temperature, pH, sodium, potassium, magnesium and GPT were not statistically significant. Some variables described as continuous were also studied as polychotomous and dichotomous ones.
1 ICU: Intensive Care Unit.
2 COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
3 BP: Blood Pressure.
4 NIV: Non-invasive Ventilation.
5 ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease.
6 SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure.
7 ImCU: Intermediate Care Unit.