Table 3.

Frequency of Direct Patient Care Activities^* Performed by ED Pharmacists

	Frequency; No. of Respondents
Activity	NA	> Once per Day	Daily	Weekly	Infrequent	Never	No Response
Order clarification	0	46	8	0	1	0	1
Troubleshooting	0	44	10	1	0	0	1
BPMH or medication reconciliation	1	43	6	2	3	0	1
Renal assessment	0	42	8	1	4	0	1
Allergy assessment	0	36	12	4	2	0	2
Interaction assessment	0	33	16	2	4	0	1
Drug information	0	33	13	4	4	1	1
Screening for ADEs on admission	1	28	14	2	5	4	2
Order verification	4	28	4	3	13	2	2
Therapeutic monitoring	0	24	21	6	4	0	1
Full pharmaceutical care work-ups	0	21	15	9	10	0	1
Discharge counselling	3	4	12	13	21	2	1
Reporting of medication error or ADE	0	3	13	17	19	2	2
Trauma or “code blue”	3	3	8	8	15	18	1
Medication preparation	1	3	6	6	15	24	1
Procedural sedation or rapid-sequence intubation	3	3	4	4	13	27	2
Outpatient antibiotic assessment	6	3	4	2	13	27	1
Postdischarge culture and sensitivity assessment	2	3	3	3	9	35	1
Toxicology review	1	2	8	21	18	5	1
Deep vein thrombosis clinic	5	2	1	11	17	19	1
Administration of parenteral medication	2	1	1	3	4	44	1
ED rounds	12	0	14	3	5	21	1
Other clinic	12	0	2	1	6	33	2
Administration of nonparenteral medication	2	0	1	3	6	43	1

ADE = adverse drug event, BPMH = best possible medication history, ED = emergency department, NA = not applicable at respondent’s hospital.

^*Other activity identified in comments section of survey: identification of medications.