Table 9.
Hazard Ratios for Incidence of different cataract types and cataract surgery in Centrum® non-users adjusted for cataract risk factors for cataract incidencea by highest vs. lowest energy-adjusted intake quintiles of dietary lutein/zeaxanthin and B vitamins.
| Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1, HR (95% CI)
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild Nuclear1 | Mild Cortical2 | Mild PSC3 | Moderate Nuclear1 | Moderate Cortical2 | Moderate PSC3 | Cataract Surgery4 | |
| Lutein/zeaxanthin | 0.94 (0.69, 1.28) | 0.88 (0.57, 1.37) | 0.97 (0.55, 1.69) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.47) | 1.11 (0.73, 1.72) | 0.93 (0.49, 1.78) | 1.08 (0.74, 1.57) |
| B1 | 0.88 (0.67, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.69, 1.59) | 1.09 (0.66, 1.79) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.48) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.41) | 1.29 (0.62, 2.68) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.67)) |
| Riboflavin | 1.02 (0.79, 1.33) | 0.72 (0.49, 1.07) | 1.17 (0.71, 1.90) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.30) | 1.03 (0.65, 1.62) | 0.81 (0.46, 1.43) | 0.96 (0.68, 1.36) |
| Niacin | 0.69 (0.52, 0.92)* | 1.26 (0.81, 1.98) | 1.05 (0.60, 1.84) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.20) | 1.13 (0.72, 1.80) | 1.10 (0.56, 2.14) | 1.06 (0.75, 1.49) |
| B6 | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.66) | 0.99 (0.57, 1.71) | 1.00 (0.66, 1.51) | 1.02 (0.65, 1.62) | 1.22 (0.64, 2.32) | 1.35 (0.93, 1.97) |
| Folate | 0.88 (0.67, 1.16) | 0.85 (0.55, 1.33) | 1.35 (0.78, 2.31) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.13) | 1.10 (0.69, 1.75) | 1.01 (0.57, 1.79) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) |
| B12 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | 0.56 (0.37, 0.83)* | 1.06 (0.64, 1.76) | 1.13 (0.75, 1.69) | 1.14 (0.73, 1.80) | 0.66 (0.38, 1.16) | 1.17 (0.81, 1.68) |
Covariates included in this model are age, gender, refractive error, nuclear cataract at baseline (for moderate only), cortical and PSC cataract at time of event, total energy intake and BMI (for moderate only)
Covariates included in this model are age, gender, race, education, smoking status, diabetes, weight change, cortical cataract at baseline (for moderate only), nuclear and PSC cataract at time of event, total energy intake and BMI (for moderate only)
Covariates included in this model are age, gender, diabetes, weight change since age 20 yr, refractive error, thyroid hormone use, total energy intake, PSC cataract at baseline (for moderate only), and nuclear and cortical cataract at time of event
Covariates included in this model are age, gender, race, smoking status, diabetes, refractive error, anti-inflammatory use, AMD category, total energy intake, and nuclear, cortical, and PSC cataract at baseline (for moderate only).
P≤ .05.
HR: Hazard Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval