Fig. 5.

Amastigote-induced cytokine production. a-c Thioglycollate-induced neutrophils were cocultured with amastigotes of L. amazonensis (La) or L. braziliensis (Lb) at a MOI of 5 for 24 h. The levels of IL-22, TNF-α and IL-18 in culture supernatants were assessed by multiplex. d Neutrophils were cocultured with amastigotes for 4 h followed by flow cytometric detection of IL-22 in Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, between indicated groups. Med = Control neutrophils; n.s. = not significant.