Table 3.
Clinical trials recently started to evaluate the therapeutic profile of cyclophosphamide as an off-label chemotherapeutic intervention*
| Indication(s) | Phase | Status | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast carcinoma Gastric carcinoma | I | Recruiting | Combined with GM-CSF, a peptide-based anticancer vaccine and imiquimod | NCT02276300 |
| Colorectal carcinoma | I | Recruiting | Combined with a checkpoint blocker and RT | NCT02298946 |
| II | Recruiting | As metronomic regimen combined with bevacizumab, capecitabine and FOLFOXIRI | NCT02271464 | |
| Not yet recruiting | Combined with capecitabine, celecoxib and methotrexate | NCT02280694 | ||
| Ependymoma | II/III | Not yet recruiting | Combined with conventional chemotherapy and RT | NCT02265770 |
| Gastric carcinoma | I/II | Recruiting | Combined with a HSP-based vaccine, oxaliplatin and S-1 | NCT02317471 |
| Germ cell tumorsTesticular cancer | II | Completed | Combined with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin ± carboplatin | NCT02161692 |
| Medulloblastoma | II/III | Recruiting | Combined with conventional chemotherapy and RT | NCT02066220 |
| n.a. | Not yet recruiting | Combined with conventional chemotherapy | NCT02212574 | |
| Melanoma | II | Recruiting | As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02062359 |
| NCT02111863 | ||||
| III | Recruiting | As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02278887 | |
| NSCLC | II | Recruiting | As metronomic regimen combined witha cancer cell-based vaccine | NCT02117024 |
| As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02133196 | |||
| III | Active, not recruiting | Combined with tecemotide | NCT02049151 | |
| Not yet recruiting | Combined with an EGF-targeting vaccine | NCT02187367 | ||
| Osteosarcoma | II | Recruiting | Combined with methotrexate | NCT02273583 |
| Pancreatic carcinoma | II | Recruiting | Combined with multimodal immunotherapy | NCT02243371 |
| Prostate cancer | I | Recruiting | Combined with imiquimod and a peptide-based anticancer vaccine | NCT02234921 |
| Rhabdoid tumors | II | Recruiting | As a part of induction chemotherapyfollowed by alisertib and RT | NCT02114229 |
| Soft tissue sarcoma | I | Recruiting | As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02059850 |
| II | Not yet recruiting | Combined with multimodal immunochemotherapy | NCT02234050 | |
| Recruiting | Combined with multimodal immunochemotherapy | NCT02306161 | ||
| Solid tumors | I | Not yet recruiting | As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02210104 |
| Recruiting | As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02070406 | ||
| NCT02096614 | ||||
| Combined with GD2-specificCAR-expressing T cells | NCT02107963 | |||
| Combined with mesothelin-specificCAR-expressing T cells | NCT02159716 | |||
| I/II | Not yet recruiting | Combined with GM-CSF and TAA-pulsed DCs | NCT02223312 | |
| NCT02224599 | ||||
| Recruiting | As metronomic chemotherapy combined with celecoxib and followed by lysate-based vaccine | NCT02054104 | ||
| As part of a conditioning regimen followed by adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy | NCT02111850 | |||
| NCT02153905 | ||||
| NCT02280811 |
Abbreviations: CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; DC, dendritic cell; EGF, epidermal growth factor; FOLFOXIRI, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin plus irinotecan; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HSP, heat shock protein; n.a., not available; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; RT, radiation therapy; TAA, tumor-associated antigen. *initiated after 2014, January 1st.