Table 2.

Bivariate relationships between select baseline demographic and clinical factors and the achievement of enteral autonomy in 272 children with intestinal failure.

Characteristic	Achieved enteral autonomy (n=118)	Did not achieve enteral autonomy (n=154)	p*
	[N (%) or median (IQR)]
Gestational age (wks) (n=264)	34 (29, 36)	34 (31,36)	0.56
Gestational age <37 weeks (n=264)	88/117 (75.2%)	114/147 (77.6%)	0.66
Birth weight (kg) (n=221)	2.0 (1.2, 2.6)	2.2 (1.3, 2.8)	0.42
Birth weight <1.5 kg (n=221)	31/104 (29.8%)	32/117 (27.4%)	0.69
Male sex	54/118 (45.8%)	62/154 (40.3%)	0.36
Age at study entry (d)	63.5 (62, 74)	62.5 (61, 72)	0.04
Diagnosis of NEC	46/118 (39.0%)	30/154 (19.5%)	<0.001
Preserved ileocecal valve	72/112 (64.3%)	61/145 (51.8%)	<0.001
Colon in continuity with small bowel	55/112 (49.5%)	70/145 (48.3%)	0.89
Diagnosis of gastroschisis	31/118 (26.3%)	50/154 (32.5%)	0.27
Care at a transplant center	62/118 (52.5%)	117/154 (76.0%)	<0.001
Direct bilirubin at inclusion (n= 93)	2.3 (0.9, 4.0)	4.0 (2.5, 6.2)	0.001
Total bilirubin at inclusion (n= 131)	4.4 (2.6, 5.9)	6.3 (4.3, 8.5)	<0.001
Cholestasis** (n= 168)	62/89 (69.7%)	63/79 (79.8%)	0.13
Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio (APRI) at inclusion (n= 127)	0.89 (0.48, 1.42)	1.43 (0.82, 2.59)	0.001
APRI > 1.5 (n= 127)	15/63 (23.8%)	30/64 (46.9%)	0.007
Human milk at baseline	20/118 (17.0%)	16/154 (10.4%)	0.11
Amino acid based formula at baseline	31/118 (26.3%)	50/154 (32.5%)	0.27
Bacterial overgrowth*** (n=265)	23/112 (20.5%)	29/153 (19.0%)	0.75
Residual small bowel length (cm) (n=144)	60 (40, 84.5)	28 (19, 50)	<0.001
No. of small bowel resections (n= 268)	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 2)	0.35
Underwent intestinal lengthening procedure (n= 268)	7/117 (6.0%)	19/151 (12.6%)	0.07

^*Calculated from Wilcoxon rank sum tests or chi-square tests as appropriate.

^**Serum total bilirubin ≥ 5.0 mg/dL or direct bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL at baseline.

^***Use of antibiotics specifically for small bowel bacterial overgrowth was used as the metric to define bacterial overgrowth