Table 2.
Results of the univariate analysis of the characteristics of tuberculosis patients associated with resistance to any first-line anti-tuberculosis drug and multidrug resistance in Shanghai, 2000–2006
| Characteristics of TB patients | Drug susceptibility* |
Any resistance† | Multidrug Resistance‡ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | OR | (95% CI) | P value | n (%) | OR | (95% CI) | P value | |
| Year | |||||||||
| 2000–2003 (n = 4048) | 3413 (84.3) | 635 (15.7) | Referent | 135 (3.3) | Referent | ||||
| 2004–2006 (n = 4371) | 3605 (82.5) | 766 (17.5) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.3) | 0.02 | 198 (4.5) | 1.4 | (1.1–1.8) | <0.01 |
| Age, years | |||||||||
| 15–14 (n = 23) | 18 (78.3) | 5 (21.7) | 1.9 | (0.5–5.3) | 0.21 | 2 (8.7) | 3.4 | (0.4–14.5) | 0.09 |
| 15–29 (n = 1679) | 1397 (83.2) | 282 (16.8) | 1.4 | (1.1.–1.6) | <0.01 | 50 (3.0) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.6) | 0.65 |
| 30–44 (n = 1981) | 1583 (79.9) | 398 (20.1) | 1.7 | (1.4–2.0) | <0.01 | 101 (5.1) | 1.9 | (1.4–2.6) | <0.01 |
| 45–59 (n = 1908) | 1557 (81.6) | 351 (18.4) | 154 | (1.3–1.8) | <0.01 | 99 (5.2) | 1.9 | (1.4–2.6) | <0.01 |
| ≥60 (n = 2827) | 2462 (87.1) | 365 (12.9) | Referent | 81 (2.9) | Referent | ||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female (n = 2112) | 1757 (83.2) | 355 (16.8) | Referent | 80 (3.8) | Referent | ||||
| Male (n = 6307) | 5261 (83.4) | 1046 (16.6) | 1.0 | (0.9–1.1) | 0.91 | 253 (4.0) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.4) | 0.68 |
| Previous TB Treatment§ | |||||||||
| Yes (n = 1380) | 995 (72.1) | 385 (27.9) | 2.3 | (2.0–2.6) | <0.01 | 134 (9.7) | 4.1 | (3.2–5.2) | <0.01 |
| No (n = 7035) | 6019 (85.6) | 1016 (14.4) | Referent | 199 (2.8) | Referent | ||||
| Cavity on initial chest radiograph¶ | |||||||||
| Present (n = 2714) | 2235 (82.4) | 479 (17.6) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.3) | 0.09 | 99 (3.6) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 0.49 |
| Absent (n = 5410) | 4535 (83.8) | 875 (16.2) | Referent | 219 (4.0) | Referent | ||||
| Sputum smear result# | |||||||||
| Positive (n = 6990) | 5803 (83.0) | 1187 (17.0) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | 0.06 | 284 (4.1) | 1.3 | (0.9–1.7) | 0.17 |
| Negative (n = 1378) | 1172 (85.1) | 206 (14.9) | Referent | 46 (3.3) | Referent | ||||
| Diabetes at time of TB diagnosis | |||||||||
| Present (n = 916) | 771 (84.2) | 145 (15.8) | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.49 | 32 (3.5) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.3) | 0.43 |
| Uncertain (n = 7503) | 6247 (83.3) | 1256 (16.7) | Referent | 301 (4.0) | Referent | ||||
| Residents versus. Migrants | |||||||||
| Residents (n = 6651) | 5608 (84.3) | 1043 (15.7) | Referent | 247 (3.7) | Referent | ||||
| Migrants (n = 1768) | 1410 (79.8) | 358 (20.2) | 1.4 | (1.2–1.6) | <0.01 | 86 (4.9) | 1.4 | (1.1–1.8) | 0.01 |
| Residential Area | |||||||||
| Rural and Suburban (n = 5554) | 4726 (85.1) | 828 (14.9) | Referent | 179 (3.2) | Referent | ||||
| Urban (n=2,865) | 2292 (80.0) | 573 (20.0) | 1.4 | (1.3–1.6) | <0.01 | 154 (5.4) | 1.8 | (1.4–2.2) | <0.01 |
*
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains susceptible to four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (INH, RMP, EMB and SM).
†
Defined as resistance to at least one of four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (INH, RMP, EMB and SM).
‡
Defined as resistance to at least INH and RMP.
§
Unknown for four patients.
¶
295 patients had a chest radiograph in which the presence of a cavity was uncertain.
#
Unknown for 51 patients.
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; TB – tuberculosis; INH = isoniazid; RMP = rifampicin; EMB = ethambutol; SM = streptomycin.