Table 3.
Child and Surveillance Factors That Predicted a Change in Classification From ASD to Non-ASD Noted in Surveillance Records
| OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|
| Child race | ||
| Non-Hispanic white (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Non-Hispanic black or African-American | 0.45 (0.20, 1.00) | .06 |
| Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, or Alaskan Native | 0.57 (0.20, 1.60) | .29 |
| Other or missing race | 1.32 (0.46, 3.75) | .61 |
| Child sex | ||
| Male (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Female | 0.91 (0.43, 1.90) | .79 |
| Final surveillance definition | ||
| Meets definition (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Does not meet definition | 2.39 (0.84, 6.76) | .10 |
| Number of surveillance records | ||
| One (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Multiple | 0.27 (0.03, 2.16) | .22 |
| Presence of co-occurring ADHD | ||
| Co-occurring ADHD (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| No co-occurring ADHD | 0.80 (0.41, 1.56) | .51 |
| Presence of co-occurring language or other specific delays | ||
| Co-occurring specific delays (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| No co-occurring specific delays | 0.32 (0.15, 0.71) | .01 |
| Presence of developmental regression | ||
| Developmental regression (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| No developmental regression | 3.47 (1.37, 8.79) | .01 |
| Presence of ID | ||
| ID (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| No ID | 1.47 (0.75, 2.90) | .26 |
| Missing ID data | 0.76 (0.23, 2.48) | .65 |
| Professional who recorded first ASD diagnosis | ||
| PhD psychologist (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| EDD or EDS educator | 1.22 (0.30, 4.95) | .78 |
| MD developmental paediatrician | 1.47 (0.57, 3.49) | .46 |
| MD neurologist | 0.93 (0.26, 3.37) | .91 |
| MD other | 1.12 (0.31, 4.00) | .86 |
| PhD other | 5.58 (1.56, 19.9) | .01 |
| Other professional | 1.11 (0.28, 4.47) | .88 |
| Professional not stated | 2.53 (1.05, 6.13) | .04 |
| Public school classroom at 8 y | ||
| Autism special needs classroom (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Other special needs classroom | 6.26 (3.13, 12.5) | .00 |
| Source of surveillance records | ||
| Both education and health records (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Education only records | 0.60 (0.24, 1.49) | .27 |
| Health only records | 0.66 (0.32, 1.35) | .26 |
| Subtype of earliest ASD diagnosis | ||
| Autism (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Other ASD | 0.71 (0.37, 1.35) | .29 |
| Subtype not stated | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | .99 |
| Surveillance site | ||
| Arizona (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Georgia | 1.66 (0.78, 3.54) | .19 |
| Maryland | 0.44 (0.10, 1.89) | .27 |
| South Carolina | 1.31 (0.48, 3.60) | .60 |
| Surveillance year | ||
| 2000 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| 2006 | 1.54 (0.74, 3.21) | .25 |
| Timing of earliest ASD diagnosis | ||
| 31 mo or more (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| 30 mo or less | 3.66 (1.61, 8.32) | .00 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ID, intellectual disability.