TABLE 5.
Descriptive radiographic measures of bone quality by Vitamin-D Dietary Groups
| Rat Chow Diet | 0 IU/g Vitamin D deficient D, ‘DD’ | 2.25 IU/g Vitamin D insufficient D, ‘ID’ | 5 IU/g Vitamin-D sufficient D, ‘CD’ | 40 IU/g Vitamin-D hyper-vitamin D, ‘HD’, | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiographic Fusion rate (1 vs. 0), average of 2RB [Radiographic fused of manually fused] | 45.5% (5/11) 100% (5/5) | 75.0% (9/12) 100% (7/7) | 46.% (6/13) 75% (6/8) | 83.3% (10/12) 100% (10/10) | NS |
| Kappa= 43% (CI 0.17 to 0.69, overall 77.1% (37/48) agree | Kappa = 0.31 (95%CI = 0.08-0.7) | Kappa = 0.43 (95%CI = 0.16-1.0) | Kappa = 0.53 (95%CI = 0.07-0.98) | Kappa~, 10/12 agree SAS, not calculated (***note1, 83%,) | |
| *Radiographic Score (4 point scale), average of 2RB | p<0.001 | ||||
| 1. None or limited density, evidence of graft/bone resorption, bilaterally | -- | 8.3% (1/12) | 7.7% (1/13) | -- | |
| 2. Some density (bone formation) not solid, no side has connectivity of the grafting material/bone mass to TPs | 54.5% (6/11) | 16.7% (2/12) | 38.5% (5/13) | -- | |
| 3. Some solid appearing 'fusion' dense mass connecting TPs one side, some contralateral bone formation or smaller mass, less consistent | 18.1% (2/11) | 33.3 % (4/12) | 23.1% (3/13) | 33.3 % (4/12) | |
| 4. Consistent large dense, mass connecting TPs, bilaterally | 27.3% (3/11) | 41.7 % (5/12) | 30.8% (4/13) | 66.7% (8/12) | |
| % Remodeled on Radiographic, average of 2RB** | 53.18±27.8 | 61.66±28.29 | 46.3±36.40 | 77.5±18.7 | p<0.05 |
2RB = averaged over 2 reviewers that were blinded to Vitamin D dietary assignments; Table numbers presented with '1.5' taken as '1' the lower of the nearest category
TPs = transverse processes;
Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square = 6.5, p<0.01
p<0.05 Tukey: %Remodeled: 40 vs. 5.
Note1: Kappa will be specific for a given population so presented as a function of vitamin D dietary group as probability of manual palpation fusion may differ. Radiographic fusion 2RB agreement in for the 40 IU/g was 10 (fused) of 12 (2 deemed not fused by one reviewer) yielding a low Kappa value, although this was almost perfect agreement. Kappa is maximum when the probability of a true 'fused' is 0.5 and as the probability gets closer to 0 or 1, the expected Kappa gets smaller. Unless agreement is perfect, Kappa will be small or 0 (SAS), no matter how good the agreement is so Kappa of 0 is misleading.
**** Radiographic Score: 66.7% same grade 2RB (32/48), yields 43% Agreement, Overall Kappa=0.43, CI=0.17 to 0.69;