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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 6.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Lett. 2014 Oct 6;232(1):10–20. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.029

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

DHA-induced cytotoxicity is attenuated by pharmacological inhibition on de novo ceramide synthesis. H9c2 cells were treated with 0 or 100 µM of DHA with or without myriocin 1 µM, an inhibitor of SPT, and assessed at 24 h. (A) Cell viability, (B) caspase-3 and (C) total proteasomal activities were measured. Co-treatment of DHA with myriocin significantly abolished DHA-induced cytotoxity. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N = 3; *p < 0.05 DHA 100 µM vs. control, #p < 0.05 DHA 100 µM vs. DHA 100 µM and myriocin 1 µM. (D) LC/MS analysis was employed to measure the accumulation of ceramide following treatment with 0 or 100 µM of DHA with or without GSK 3787 1 µM, a PPARδ antagonist, and assessed at 24 h. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N = 3; *p < 0.05 DHA 100 µM vs. control, #p < 0.05 DHA 100 µM vs. DHA 100 µM and GSK 3787 1 µM.