Table 2.
Educational, psychosocial, and economic preferences of study participants (n = 1410)
| By gender |
By orphanhood status |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 1410)% | Boys (n = 621) % | Girls (n = 789) % | t test or χ2 | Double orphans (n = 297) % | Single orphans (n = 1113)% | t test or χ2 | |
| Educational plans after primary school | 1.34 | ||||||
| Planning to start secondary education | 94.6 | 96.8 | 92.9 | 10.2*** | 96.0 | 94.2 | |
| Not planning to start secondary education | 5.4 | 3.2 | 7.1 | 4.0 | 5.8 | ||
| Certainty to achieve education plan (mean, SD) | 4.08(1.18) | 4.13(1.16) | 4.04(1.19) | –1.39 | 4.0(1.17) | 4.1(1.18) | 1.26 |
| Educational aspirations | 119.9*** | 14.4* | |||||
| Drop out before primary 7 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | ||
| Drop out before senior 4 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 2.8 | ||
| Complete senior 4 and stop | 9.4 | 12.1 | 7.4 | 11.8 | 8.8 | ||
| Go on to senior 6 and stop | 7.2 | 11.9 | 3.6 | 9.1 | 6.7 | ||
| Go on to technical college | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 13.8 | 9.8 | ||
| Go on to university and get a degree | 30.9 | 37.8 | 25.4 | 30.3 | 31.0 | ||
| Go on to graduate school | 39.0 | 24.8 | 50.3 | 34.0 | 40.4 | ||
| Talked to caregiver about school work | 87.6 | 84.2 | 90.2 | 11.6*** | 82.5 | 88.9 | 8.99** |
| School satisfaction Scale (mean, SD) | 28.9(2.97) | 28.8(2.96) | 28.9(2.98) | –.082 | 28.8(3.07) | 28.9(2.94) | –0.30 |
| Psychosocial preferences (mean, SD) | |||||||
| Child depression inventory | 11.6(5.68) | 11.6(5.56) | 11.5(5.78) | 0.47 | 11.4(5.83) | 11.6(5.64) | –0.41 |
| Tennessee self-concept scale | 78.4(10.7) | 79.7(10.9) | 77.4(10.5) | 4.08*** | 78.8(10.62) | 78.3(10.79) | 0.66 |
| Beck hopelessness scale | 5.37(3.09) | 5.35(2.94) | 5.39(3.22) | –0.25 | 5.50(3.17) | 5.34(3.08) | 0.83 |
| Care about future self | 4.67(0.55) | 4.69(0.52) | 4.64(0.58) | 1.88 | 4.72(0.50) | 4.66(0.57) | 1.85 |
| Likeness for future self | 4.80(0.43) | 4.81(0.42) | 4.79(0.44) | 0.77 | 4.86(0.37) | 4.78(0.5) | 2.95** |
| Family cohesion | 31.6(6.32) | 31.8(6.35) | 31.5(6.29) | 1.02 | 31.3(6.57) | 31.7(6.26) | –0.98 |
| Economic preferences | |||||||
| Own savings (yes) | 30.7 | 40.6 | 22.9 | 50.8*** | 29.3 | 31.1 | 0.35 |
| Knowledge of caregiver saving money (yes) | 36.5 | 30.9 | 40.8 | 15.9*** | 27.6 | 38.8 | |
| Importance of saving toward a specific goal (mean, SD) | 27.3(2.86) | 27.9(2.51) | 26.7(2.99) | 8.06*** | 27.6(2.60) | 27.2(2.92) | 1.97* |
| Confidence level in saving toward a specific goal (mean, SD) | 25.7(4.39) | 26.6(4.14) | 25.0(4.45) | 7.18*** | 26.1(3.89) | 25.6(4.51) | 2.03* |
| Family assets (mean, SD) | 9.73(3.22) | 10.0(3.24) | 9.49(3.19) | 3.19*** | 9.97(3.34) | 9.67(3.19) | 1.42 |
| Availability of basic necessities (mean, SD) | 4.64(1.51) | 4.59(1.45) | 4.68(1.56) | –1.07 | 4.52(1.55) | 4.67(1.50) | –1.59 |
*
p≤.05
**
p≤.01
***
p≤.001