Table 2.

Risk stratification models in cytokine treated metastatic RCC.

Risk models	Model factors	Outcomes
MSKCC [27]	KPS <80% LDH 1.5x ULN Hemoglobin < LLN Corrected calcium > ULN Interval from diagnosis to treatment of <1 year	Median OS (months)   Favorable: 30 Intermediate: 14 Poor: 5
UCLA SANI [28]	Lymph Node status Constitutional symptoms Location of metastasis Sarcomatoid histology TSH	5-year OS (%) and ORR (%)  Low risk: 41 and 43 Intermediate: 19 and 27 High: 0 and 15
ISM [29]	Histology: clear cell with alveolar features absence of papillary or granular features CA-9 expression by IHC	Good risk accounted for 96% of responding patients and 56% of nonresponding patients

KPS: Karnofsky performance status, ULN: upper limit of normal, LLL: lower limit of normal, ISM: integrated selection model, ORR: overall response rate, CA-9: carbonic anhydrase-9, and IHC: immunohistochemistry.