Table 2.
Association of lifetime psychotic experiences with all-cause and specific causes of mortality adjusted for the covariates examined by Cox proportional hazard and generalised gamma models in 15 049 participants
| Deceased |
Cox model, HR (95% CI) |
Generalised gamma model, β (s.e.) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime psychotic experiences |
No lifetime psychotic experiences |
Adjusted for gender and ethnicity |
Adjusted for all covariatesa |
Adjusted for gender and ethnicity |
Adjusted for all covariatesa |
|||
| Causes of mortality | n | Weighted % (95% CI) | n | Weighted % (95% CI) | ||||
| All-cause mortality | 322 | 30.5 (26.8–34.4) | 5910 | 29.8 (28.8–30.8) | 1.41*** (1.21–1.66) | 1.23* (1.03–1.46) | −0.07*** (0.02) | −0.05* (0.02) |
| Specific-cause mortalityb | ||||||||
| Natural causes | 273 | 25.8 (22.4–29.7) | 5235 | 27.3 (26.3–28.2) | 1.33** (1.13–1.58) | 1.18 (0.98–1.44) | −0.05** (0.02) | −0.04 (0.02) |
| Circulatory | 123 | 9.6 (7.7–12.1) | 2423 | 11.8 (11.1–12.4) | 1.25 (0.98–1.60) | 1.19 (0.90–1.57) | −0.38 (0.02) | −0.34 (0.02) |
| Neoplasms | 66 | 8.4 (6.2–11.3) | 1208 | 7.3 (6.7–7.9) | 1.51* (1.09–2.10) | 1.33 (0.92–1.92) | −0.12* (0.05) | −0.08 (0.06) |
| Other natural | 84 | 7.8 (5.9–10.3) | 1593 | 8.2 (7.6–8.7) | 1.28 (0.94–1.75) | 1.05 (0.73–1.51) | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.04) |
| Unnatural causes | 18 | 2.8 (1.6–4.7) | 168 | 11.0 (8.8–13.5) | 2.67** (1.46–4.87) | 1.69 (0.86–3.34) | −0.87** (0.31) | −0.45 (0.31) |
| Suicide | 5 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 19 | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 9.16*** (3.19–26.29) | 2.28 (0.36–14.41) | −2.51** (0.79) | −0.52 (0.56) |
| Other unnatural | 13 | 1.8 (1.0–3.5) | 149 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.91 (0.92–3.98) | 1.5 (0.71–3.19) | −0.55 (0.34) | −0.35 (0.36) |
a.
Including gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, phobic disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorders, other substance use disorders, antisocial personality disorder and any psychiatric hospital admission.
b.
Categories of specific primary underlying causes of mortality according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 classifications.
*
P<0.05
**
P<0.01
***
P<0.001.