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. 2015 Jul 1;6:648. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00648

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Copyright © 2015 Fernandez-López, Ruiz, de la Cruz and Moncalián.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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XylS-AraC family. (A) Activation mechanism. In the repression state, AraC bound to I1 and O2 at the araBAD promoter forms a DNA loop that prevents transcription initiation. When arabinose is present, each of the AraC monomers bind adjacent operators (I1 and I2), releasing DNA bending and promoting the recruitment of RNApol and subsequent transcriptional activation. XylS activation mechanism is different, being RNApol repressed by apo-XylS bound to operator D and activated by tolune-XylS bound to operator P. (B) XylS-AraC structure. The structure of XylS homolog ToxT (3GBG, Lowden et al., 2010) is shown together with the location of arabinose in the EBD of AraC (2ARC). The two HTH motifs present in the DBD are highlighted. AraC (arabinose) and XylS (toluene) effectors are shown.