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. 2015 Jul 1;5:11599. doi: 10.1038/srep11599

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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To determine whether heparin affects C. parvum sporozoites or HCT-8 cells, a pre-incubation assay was conducted. The both panels show the number of parasites that invaded HCT-8 cells. HCT-8 cells pre-incubated with heparin prior to C. parvum infection showed no reduction in parasite invasion (left panel), whereas HCT-8 cells inoculated with C. parvum that had been pre-incubated with heparin showed a statistically significant decrease in parasite invasion (~18%) (right panel). Each assay was performed in independent triplicate, and means ± standard deviations are shown. Statistically significant differences in the number of parasites in the cells were determined by using the Welch’s T-test; P values less than 0.05 are shown by the asterisk.