Fig. 4.

PDH suppression increases contribution of glutamine carbon to lipogenesis. Cells were cultured in medium containing glucose, [U-¹³C]glutamine, and serum for 24 h, resulting in ¹³C enrichment in a citrate, b fumarate, c malate, d aspartate, and e palmitate. Inset in e displays labeling in the lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool. f Labeling of lipid species from [U-¹⁴C]glutamine. Data are the average and SD of biological triplicates, except for the inset in e, where error bars represent 95 % CI. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005. Abbreviations: PL phospholipids, TAG triacylglycerol