Table 7.
Resistance modulating effect of the Fruits methanol extract from Allanblackia gabonensis at its sub-inhibitory concentrations on selected MDR bacteria
| Antibiotics a | Extract concentrations | MDR Bacteria used | % Modulating effect b | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. coli | E. aerogenes | K. pneumoniae | P. stuartii | P. aeruginosa | |||||||
| AG100 | AG102 | AG100A Tet | CM64 | EA289 | EA298 | K24 | NEA16 | PA124 | |||
| AMP | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| MIC/2 | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | 0 | |
| MIC/4 | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | -(NA) | 0 | |
| CHL | 0 | 8 | 32 | 64 | 256 | 128 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | |
| MIC/2 | 8(1) | 32(1) | 64(1) | 256(1) | 128(1) | 32(2) | 32(2) | 64(1) | 32(2) | 33.33 | |
| MIC/4 | 8(1) | 32(1) | 64(1) | 256(1) | 128(1) | 64(1) | 64(1) | 64(1) | 64(1) | 0 | |
| CIP | 0 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 128 | 64 | 128 | 1 | 128 | 1 | 32 | |
| MIC/2 | ≤0.5(NA) | ≤0.5(NA) | 64(2) | 32(2) | 128(1) | 2(0.5) | 128(1) | 1(1) | 32(1) | 33.33 | |
| MIC/4 | ≤0.5(NA) | ≤0.5(NA) | 64(2) | 64(1) | 128(1) | 2(0.5) | 128(1) | 1(1) | 32(1) | 11.11 | |
| NFX | 0 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 256 | - | 128 | 8 | - | 4 | 128 | |
| MIC/2 | 1(≤0.5) | ≤0.5(NA) | 256(1) | 128(>2) | 128(1) | 8(1) | -(NA) | 4(1) | 128(1) | 11.11 | |
| MIC/4 | 1(≤0.5) | ≤0.5(NA) | 256(1) | -(NA) | 128(1) | 8(1) | -(NA) | 4(1) | 128(1) | 0 | |
| KAN | 0 | 64 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 16 | 32 | 4 | 16 | 128 | |
| MIC/2 | 2(32) | 4(1) | 2(4) | ≤0.5(≥4) | 1(16) | 32(1) | 2(2) | 16(1) | 64(2) | 66.67 | |
| MIC/4 | 4(16) | 4(1) | 4(2) | 2(1) | 4(4) | 32(1) | 4(1) | 16(1) | 64(2) | 44.44 | |
| STR | 0 | >64 | - | - | 4 | 16 | 32 | 4 | 32 | 64 | |
| MIC/2 | >64(NA) | -(NA) | 2(>128) | 2(2) | 2(8) | 32(1) | 4(1) | 16(2) | 32(2) | 55.56 | |
| MIC/4 | >64(NA) | -(NA) | 8(>32) | 2(2) | 4(4) | 32(1) | 4(1) | 32(1) | 32(2) | 44.44 | |
| ERY | 0 | 32 | 64 | - | - | 64 | 16 | 128 | 16 | 128 | |
| MIC/2 | 16(2) | 64(1) | 256(>1) | -(NA) | 64(1) | 16(1) | 128(1) | 16(1) | 128(1) | 11.11 | |
| MIC/4 | 16(2) | 64(1) | -(NA) | -(NA) | 64(1) | 16(1) | 128(1) | 16(1) | 128(1) | 0 | |
| TET | 0 | 2 | 8 | 32 | 16 | 32 | 4 | 16 | 4 | 16 | |
| MIC/2 | 1(2) | 4(2) | 8(4) | 4(4) | 4(8) | 4(1) | 16(1) | 2(2) | 16(1) | 66.67 | |
| MIC/4 | 1(2) | 8(1) | 8(4) | 4(4) | 8(4) | 4(1) | 16(1) | 4(1) | 16(1) | 44.44 | |
a : Antibiotics (TET: tetracycline, KAN: kanamycin, STR: streptomycin, ERY: erythromycin, CHL: chloramphenicol, NFX: norfloxacin, CIP: ciprofloxacin, AMP: ampicillin; - : MIC not detected at up to 256 μg/mL; (): Modulation factor or gain of activity; b : Percentage of antibiotic’s modulation activity by the Plant extracts; Indications in bold represent the modulation factor ≥ 2 and antibiotics having a percentage of modulating effect greather than 50 %; NA: Not applicable