Effect of EAS on expression levels of hippocampal Ras and c-Raf proteins in different groups. After EA treatment, hippocampus tissues were prepared for assaying expression levels of Ras, c-Raf, and other related kinases (MEK, ERK, p38 MAPK) by Western blot. Data are presented as mean ± SD (∗
P < 0.05, compared with the sham control group; ☆
P < 0.05, compared with the CCI group; △
P < 0.05, compared with the CCI + EA2D group; n = 5 in each group). (a) Top panel shows immunoblots of Ras and c-Raf proteins and GAPDH in different groups: (1) sham control group, (2) CCI group, (3) CCI + EA2D group, (4) CCI + EA1W group, and (5) CCI + EA2W group. GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (housekeeping gene); (b) histograms show the relative expression of Ras and c-Raf proteins in the 5 groups.