Table 1.
Levels of evidence and designs of the studies selected.
| Study number | Author | Year | Level of evidence | Design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Narayanasamy et al. | 2011 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 2 | Santic et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 3 | Papakostidou et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 4 | Scott et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 5 | Grosse Frie et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 6 | Baker et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 7 | Schwartz et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 8 | Zhang et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 10 | Desmeules et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 11 | Bugala-Szpak et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 12 | Kauppila et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 13 | Gawel et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 14 | Brandes et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 15 | Desmeules et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 17 | Baumann et al. | 2011 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 16 | Ackerman et al. | 2011 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 17 | Gonzalez et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 18 | Kilic et al. | 2009 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 19 | Nunez et al. | 2009 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 20 | Loughead et al. | 2008 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 21 | McHugh et al. | 2008 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 22 | Fitzgerald et al. | 2004 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 23 | Greidanus | 2011 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 24 | Rissanen et al. | 1996 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 25 | Nunez et al. | 2007 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 26 | Bruyere et al. | 2012 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 27 | Lingard et al. | 2004 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 28 | Scott et al. | 2010 | 2B | Prospective cohort |
| 29 | Jones et al. | 2012 | 2A | Systematic review |
| 30 | Vissers et al. | 2012 | 2A | Systematic review |
| 31 | Ethgen et al. | 2004 | 2A | Systematic review |