Table 5.

Multilevel linear regression of the magnitude of date errors during SSH interviews

	Median Error (IQR)	β (complete case)	β (Heckman)
Sibling’s Characteristics
Age at death (observed)
<25 years old	0.11 (−1, 3)	Ref.	Ref.
25–44 years old	−0.33 (−2, 3)	0.47	0.45
≥45 years old	−2.31 (−7, 4)	−1.53	−1.18
Same biological father as respondent?
No	−1.72 (−4, 1)	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	−0.12 (−2, 3)	1.54	2.09
Death during eight-year reference period?
No	0.86 (−2, 4)	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	−2.10 (−2, 1)	−3.36***	−2.67**
Respondent Characteristics
Place of interview
Bandafassi DSS area	−0.47 (−2, 3)	Ref.	Ref.
Tambacounda/Kédougou	0.36 (0, 3)	0.39	0.46
Age
<25 years old	−0.37 (−1, 1)	Ref.	Ref.
25–34 years old	0.39 (−1, 2)	−0.84	0.25
35–44 years old	−1.40 (−5, 3)	−2.29	−1.33
≥45 years old	−0.03 (−4, 4)	−1.54	−0.08
Education
Never been to school	−0.35 (−2, 3)	Ref.	Ref.
Ever been to school	−0.29 (−1, 2))	−0.24	−0.03
Sibship Characteristics
Ethnic group
Fulani	0.52 (−1, 3)	Ref.	Ref.
Bedik	−1.92 (−7, 3)	−2.21†	−2.29
Mandinka	−2.50 (−7, 1)	−3.45*	−2.92†
Constanta	––	1.74	−0.38
Nb	209	209	280

^aThe model includes only a sibship-level random effect because there are too few deaths per respondent to estimate a respondent-level random effect.

^bOne outlier for which the difference between observed and reported date of death was >30 years (in absolute value) was excluded; we chose to exclude this outlier because such large errors may be due to linkage errors rather than true date-reporting errors. They may also be due to interviewer errors in which the answers to the questions on age and date of death were mistakenly switched. Estimates of the fixed effects are unaffected by the inclusion of this outlier, but estimates of the random effect nearly double if the outlier is included.