Table 1.
Cohort demographic, clinical, psychosocial and economic characteristics at baseline by site
| Gugulethu TB clinic (Cape Town, South Africa) | Mabvuku polyclinc (Harare, Zimbabwe) | Kanyama TB clinic (Lusaka, Zambia) | St. Mary’s day clinic (Durban, South Africa) | Ifisi day clinic (Mbeya, Tanzania) | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 419 | 400 | 400 | 200 | 83 | 1502 |
| Demographic and clinical information | ||||||
| Age [median (IQR)] | 39 (31–49) | 38 (32–45) | 35 (30–41) | 37 (30–50) | 37 (31–54) | 37 (30–46) |
| Male (%) | 259 (62) | 185 (46) | 269 (67) | 104 (52) | 42 (51) | 859 (57) |
| Previously had TB (%) | 178 (43) | 67 (17) | 85 (21) | 52 (26) | 2 (1) | 384 (26) |
| HIV-infecteda (%) | 133 (32) | 324 (81) | 268 (67) | 121 (61) | 49 (59) | 895 (60) |
| TB symptom score [TBscore; median (IQR)] | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–6) | 7 (4–9) | |
| Culture-confirmed TB cases (%) | 74 (18) | 77 (19) | 152 (38) | 35 (18) | 29 (35) | 367 (24) |
| Kessler K-10 score | ||||||
| Median (IQR)e | 20 (16–24) | 30 (25–35) | 16 (10–24) | 18 (15–22) | 29 (23–33) | 22 (16–29) |
| Graded as severe (≥30) (%) | 31/413 (8) | 201/400 (50) | 49/399 (12) | 16/199 (8) | 38/74 (51) | 335 (22) |
| Substance use | ||||||
| Tobacco smoker (%) | 249 (60) | 32 (8) | 92 (23) | 48 (24) | 9 (11) | 430 (28) |
| Alcohol consumptionb (%) | ||||||
| Never | 74 (18) | 252 (63) | 205 (51) | 119 (60) | 48 (58) | 698 (47) |
| Social | 169 (40) | 86 (22) | 67 (17) | 49 (25) | 5 (6) | 376 (25) |
| Regular | 120 (29) | 60 (15) | 82 (21) | 18 (9) | 30 (36) | 310 (21) |
| Heavy | 20 (5) | 2 (1) | 46 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 68 (5) |
| Educational and psychosocial characteristics | ||||||
| Educational levelc (%) | ||||||
| None | 7 (2) | 0 (0) | 35 (9) | 14 (7) | 28 (34) | 84 (6) |
| Primary school | 65 (16) | 95 (24) | 178 (45) | 30 (15) | 46 (55) | 414 (28) |
| Middle school | 249 (59) | 91 (23) | 6 (2) | 51 (26) | 0 (0) | 397 (26) |
| High School | 3 (1) | 17 (5) | 164 (41) | 44 (22) | 2 (2) | 230 (15) |
| Intermediate or post-high school diploma | 20 (5) | 52 (13) | 17 (4) | 60 (30) | 7 (8) | 156 (10) |
| Graduate or post-graduate | 1 (0) | 11 (3) | 1 (0) | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | 19 (1) |
| TB health literacy scored [median (IQR)] | 7 (5–9) | 5 (4–7) | 7 (4–9) | 7 (5–9) | 2 (1–4) | 6 (4–8) |
| Economic characteristics | ||||||
| Unemployed or retiredf (%) | 280 (67) | 257 (64) | 144 (36) | 88 (44) | 55 (66) | 824 (55) |
| Personal monthly incomeg (%) | ||||||
| Tier 1 | 271 (65) | 222 (56) | 87 (22) | 22 (11) | 37 (45) | 639 (43) |
| Tier 2 | 124 (30) | 104 (26) | 125 (31) | 102 (51) | 18 (22) | 473 (32) |
| Tier 3 | 16 (4) | 44 (11) | 25 (6) | 23 (12) | 1 (1) | 109 (7) |
| Tier 4 | 3 (<1) | 3 (<1) | 0 (0) | 10 (5) | 5 (6) | 21 (1) |
| Household monthly incomeg (%) | ||||||
| Tier 1 | 209 (50) | 123 (31) | 87 (22) | 22 (11) | 38 (46) | 479 (32) |
| Tier 2 | 170 (41) | 165 (41) | 121 (30) | 98 (49) | 32 (39) | 586 (39) |
| Tier 3 | 28 (7) | 80 (20) | 26 (7) | 26 (13) | 1 (1) | 161 (11) |
| Tier 4 | 5 (1) | 31 (8) | 0 (0) | 11 (6) | 5 (6) | 52 (4) |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range
a18 patients (1 %) were of unknown HIV status
b50 patients (3 %) had an unknown level of alcohol consumption
c18 patients (%) had missing level of education data
d26 patients (2 %) did not have sufficient data to compute a TB health literacy score
e7 (<1 %) of patients did not have sufficient data to compute a Kessler K-10 score
f4 patients (<1 %) were missing information about their employment status
gThe monthly income tiers correspond to Under 600 ZAR, 600–3000 ZAR, 3001–7000 ZAR, and More than 7000 ZAR for the South African sites, and Under 100 US$, 100–300 US$, 301–700 US$, and More than 701 US$ for the other sites, respectively. 22 (2 %) patients were missing data about their personal income, and 7 (1 %) were missing data about household income