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Polystyrene molecules immobilized on silicon wafers. Mw of the monodisperse sample was a) 223 200, b) 570 000, and c) 1877 000. The wafers were treated with PFPA-silane in toluene at the concentration of a) 5 × 10−5 mg mL−1, b) 1 × 10−5 mg mL−1, and c) 5 × 10−6 mg mL−1. The scan area is 1 µm × 1 µm for all images. Adopted from reference [46].
